現金折扣與信用期下定價，訂購與付款決策模式

以作者查詢圖書館館藏

、以作者查詢臺灣博碩士

、以作者查詢全國書目

、勘誤回報

、線上人數：79

、訪客IP：18.216.183.63

姓名

曹譽鐘(Yu-Chung Tsao) 查詢紙本館藏

畢業系所

工業管理研究所

論文名稱

現金折扣與信用期下定價，訂購與付款決策模式
(Models for pricing, ordering and payment policies under cash discount and credit period)

相關論文

★ 以類神經網路探討晶圓測試良率預測與重測指標值之建立	★ 六標準突破性策略—企業管理議題
★ 限制驅導式在製罐產業生產管理之應用研究	★ 應用倒傳遞類神經網路於TFT-LCD G4.5代Cell廠不良問題與解決方法之研究
★ 限制驅導式生產排程在PCBA製程的運用	★ 平衡計分卡規劃與設計之研究-以海軍後勤支援指揮部修護工廠為例
★ 木製框式車身銷售數量之組合預測研究	★ 導入符合綠色產品RoHS之供應商管理-以光通訊產業L公司為例
★ 不同產品及供應商屬性對採購要求之相關性探討－以平面式觸控面板產業為例	★ 中長期產銷規劃之個案探討 -以抽絲產業為例
★ 消耗性部品存貨管理改善研究-以某邏輯測試公司之Socket Pin為例	★ 封裝廠之機台當機修復順序即時判別機制探討
★ 客戶危害限用物質規範研究-以TFT-LCD產業個案公司為例	★ PCB壓合代工業導入ISO/TS16949品質管理系統之研究-以K公司為例
★ 報價流程與價格議價之研究–以機殼產業為例	★ 產品量產前工程變更的分類機制與其可控制性探討-以某一手機產品家族為例

檔案

[Endnote RIS 格式]

[Bibtex 格式]

[相關文章]

[文章引用]

[完整記錄]

[館藏目錄]

至系統瀏覽論文 ( 永不開放)

摘要(中)

當賣方提供現金折扣與信用期策略時，買方將隨著此策略訂定其定價，訂購與付款決策。過去的研究多著重在信用期下的補貨或價格決策。此研究延伸納入現金折扣與非瞬間補貨的考量於之前有關信用期研究之模式中，以在利潤最大化下探討幾個信用交易的議題。
文中建構了幾個在不同情形下以經濟訂購批量模型為基準的模式。並假設需求為價格彈性以反應隨著買方售價降低而能增加顧客需求之現象。我們首先處理在現金折扣與信用期下且為瞬間補貨下的問題。次外，基於在補貨期間須以小批量且多次補貨之情況，此現象通常出現在大量訂購且長期合約下，我們建構一個考量信用期與非瞬間補貨下的決策模式。之後延伸上一個模式納入現金折扣考量。根據每一個提出的模式，我們探討有關合適解區間的特性，且依據此特性提出演算法求解，並舉例說明此求解過程。此外也將探討每個模式下不考慮定價等的特殊案例。之後透過數值分析探討系統各參數對決策的影響並說明其管理意涵，也驗證了模式的結論與經濟上的觀念相符合。

摘要(英)

When a vendor provides a cash discount and credit period policy, a buyer will decide his price, ordering and payment policies accordingly. Previous researches often focused on the replenishment or pricing problems under credit period. This research deals with several trade credit phenomena when maximizing the annual profit. The study will incorporate cash discount and non-instantaneous replenishment into previous models under credit period with price-elasticity demand.
Several EOQ-based models are formulated for different circumstances. A price-elasticity demand reflects the phenomena that demand will increase when buyer’s price decreases. We firstly deal with the problem under cash discount and credit period with instantaneous replenishment. In addition, in many situations, the goods may be delivered from the vendor to the buyer frequently in small batches during the replenishment period. This situation is most commonly found when mass ordering with a long-term contract. We construct a non-instantaneous replenishment model when considering only credit period. Then, we extend the above model to incorporate the condition of cash discount. For each model, we discuss properties about feasible solution intervals, then we develop an algorithm based on properties found and conduct numerical examples to illustrate each solving procedure. Also, special cases when retail prices predetermined are analyzed for each model when the decisions ignore pricing. Through the numerical analyses, we discuss the influences of the system parameters on the determination of retail price, order size and annual profit to highlight the managerial implications. We demonstrate that the results of model are consistent with the economic senses.

關鍵字(中)

★ 非瞬間補貨
★ 信用期
★ 現金折扣

關鍵字(英)

★ Cash discount
★ Credit period
★ Non-instantaneous replenishment

論文目次

ABSTRACT I
CONTENTS II
LIST OF FIGURES IV
LIST OF TABLES V
1. INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 RESEARCH BACKGROUND AND MOTIVATION 1
1.2 PROBLEM DESCRIPTION 2
1.3 RESEARCH OBJECTIVES 4
1.4 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY AND FRAMEWORK 4
1.4.1 Research methodology 4
1.4.2 Research framework 5
2. LITERATURE REVIEW 6
2.1 DELAY IN PAYMENTS 6
2.1.1 Credit period 6
2.1.2 Perspective of buyer, vendor and channel 7
2.2 CASH DISCOUNT 9
2.3 NON-INSTANTANEOUS REPLENISHMENT 10
3. OPTIMAL PRICING, ORDERING AND PAYMENT POLICIES 12
3.2 MODEL FORMULATION 13
3.3 DETERMINATION OF OPTIMAL PRICING, REPLENISHMENT AND PAYMENT POLICIES 16
3.3.1 Finding the optimal retail price and cycle time 16
3.3.2 Finding the optimal payment time 20
3.4 SPECIAL CASE (PRICE PREDETERMINED) 23
3.5 EMPIRICAL RESULT 24
3.5.1 Numerical example 24
3.5.2 Effects from cash discount, discount period and credit period 25
3.5.3 Effects from price elasticity, scaling factor, charged interest and earned interest 28
4. OPTIMAL PRICING AND ORDERING POLICIES UNDER CREDIT PERIOD 30
4.1 ASSUMPTIONS AND NOTATIONS 30
4.2 MODEL FORMULATION 30
4.3 DETERMINATION OF OPTIMAL PRICING AND ORDERING POLICIES 33
4.3.1 Concavity of the annual net profit function 33
4.3.2 Solution procedure 37
4.4 SPECIAL CASES 40
4.4.1 When retail price is predetermined 40
4.4.2 When replenishment rate is infinite 41
4.5 NUMERICAL EXAMPLES 41
5. OPTIMAL PRICING, ORDERING AND PAYMENT POLICIES UNDER CASH DISCOUNT 44
5.1 ASSUMPTIONS AND NOTATIONS 44
5.2 MODEL FORMULATION 44
5.3 DETERMINATION OF OPTIMAL PRICING, ORDERING AND PAYMENT POLICIES 46
5.3.1 Concavity of optimal net profit function 46
5.3.2 Solution procedure 50
5.4 SPECIAL CASES 55
5.3.2 When retail price is predetermined 55
5.4.2 When replenishment rate is infinite 56
5.5 EMPIRICAL RESULT 56
5.3.2 Numerical examples 57
5.5.2 Effects from cash discount, discount period and credit period 59
5.5.3 Effects from price elasticity, scaling factor, charged interest and earned interest 63
6. CONCLUSION 64
6.1 RESEARCH CONTRIBUTION 64
6.2 RESEARCH LIMITATION 64
6.3 FURTHER RESEARCH DIRECTION 64
REFERENCE 66
APPENDIX A. 69
APPENDIX B. 69
APPENDIX B. 70
APPENDIX C. 71
APPENDIX D. 72

參考文獻

1. Abad, P. L., Jaggi, C. K., “A joint approach for setting unit price and the length of the credit period for a seller when end demand is price sensitive,” International Journal of Production Economics, 83 (2003), 115-122.
2. Arcelus, F. J., Shah, N. H., Srinivasan, G., “Retailer’s response to special sales: price discount vs. trade credit,” Omega, 29 (2001), 417-428.
3. Arcelus, F. J., Srinivasan, G., “Integrating working capital decisions,” The Engineering Economics, 39 (1993), 1-15.
4. Ballou R. H., Business logistics management, Englewood Cliffs, N.J : Prentice Hall, (1999).
5. Bhunia, A. K. and Maiti, M., “Deterministic inventory models for variable production,” Journal of the Operational Research Society, Vol. 48 (1997), 221-224.
6. Chang, C. T., “Extended economics order quantity model under cash discount and payment delay,” Information and Management Sciences, Vol.13, No.3 (2002), 57-69.
7. Chapman, C. B., Ward, S. C., Cooper, D. F., and Page, M. J., “Credit policy and inventory control,” Journal of the Operational Research Society, 35 (1984), 1055-1065.
8. Chapman, C. B., Ward, S. C., “Inventory control and trade credit- a further reply,” Journal of the Operational Research Society, 39 (1988), 1055-1065.
9. Chung, K. H., “Inventory control and trade credit revisited,” Journal of the Operational Research Society, Vol.40, No.5 (1989), 495-498.
10. Chung, K. .J, “A theorem on determination of economic order quantity under conditions of permissible in payments,” Computers and Operations Research, Vol.25, No.1 (1998), 49-52.
11. Chung, K. J., “Bounds on the optimum order quantity in DCF analysis of the EOQ model under trade credit,” Journal of Information & Operation Science, 20 (1999), 137-148.
12. Chung, K. J., Huang, C. K., “The convexities of the present value functions of all future cash outflows in inventory and credit,” Production Planning & Control, 11 (2000), 133-140.
13. Chung, K. J., Huang, Y. F., “The optimal cycle time for EPQ inventory model under permissible delay in payments,” International Journal of Production Economics, 84 (2003), 307-318.
14. Daellenbach, H. G., “Inventory control and trade credit,” Journal of the Operational Research Society, Vol.37, No.5 (1986), 525-528.
15. Fewings, D. R., “A credit limit decision model for inventory floor planning and other extended trade credit arrangements,” Decision Science, Vol.23 (1992), 200-220.
16. Frantz, E. F., Viscione, J. A., “What should you do about cash discount,” Credit and Financial management, (May 1976), 30-36.
17. Goyal, S. K., “Economics order quantity under conditions of permissible delay in payments,” Journal of the Operational Research Society, Vol.36, No.4 (1985), 335-338.
18. Haley, C. W. and Higgins, R. C., “Inventory policy and trade credit financing,” Management Science, Vol.20, No.4 (1973), 464-471.
19. Hill, N. C., Riener, K. D., “Determining the cash discount in the firm’s credit policy,” Financial Management (Spring 1979), 68-73.
20. Hsieh, W. H., Sheen, G. J., Tsao, Y. C., “Credit period policy under optimal channel profit,” (submit for publication).
21. Huang, Y. F., Chung, K. J., “Optimal replenishment and payment policies in the EOQ model under cash discount and trade credit,” Asia-Pacific Journal of Operational Research, 20 (2003), 177-190.
22. Hwang, H., Shinn S. W., “Retailer’s pricing and lot sizing policy for exponentially deteriorating products under the condition of permissible delay in payment” Computers Operations Research, Vol.24, No.6 (1997), 539-547.
23. Jaggi, C. K., Aggarwal, S. P., “Credit financing in economic ordering of deteriorating items,” International Journal of Production Economics, 34 (1994), 151-155.
24. Jamal, A. M. M., Sarker, B. R., Wang S., “Optimal payment time for a retailer under permitted delay of payment by the wholesaler,” International Journal of Production Economics, 66 (2000), 59-66.
25. Khouja, M., Mehrez, A., “Optimal inventory policy under different supplier credit policies,” Journal of manufacturing System, Vol.15, No.5 (1996), 334-339.
26. Kim, J., Hwang, H., Shinn, S. W., “An optimal credit policy to increase supplier’s profits with price-dependent demand functions,” Production Planning & Control, Vol.6, No.1 (1995), 45-50.
27. Lieber, Z., Orgler, Y., “An integrated model for accounts receivable management,” Management Science, 22 (1975), 212-219.
28. Manna, S. K., Chaudhuri, K. S., “An economic order quantity model for deteriorating items with time-dependent deterioration rate, demand rate, unit production cost and shortages,” Informational Journal of Systems Science, Vol.32, No.8 (2001), 1003-1009.
29. Mehta, D., “The formulation of credit policy models,” Management Science, Vol.15, No.2 (1968), B30-B50.
30. Ouyang, L. Y., Chen, M. S., Chung, K. W., “Economics order quantity model under cash discount and payment delay,” Information and Management Sciences, Vol.13, No.1 (2002), 1-10.
31. Rachamadugu, R., “Effect of delayed payments (trade credit) on order quantities,” Journal of the Operational Research Society, Vol.40, No.9 (1989), 805-813.
32. Rashid, M., Mitra, D., “Price elasticity of demand and optimal cash discount rate in credit policy,” The Financial Review, 34 (1999), 113-125.
33. Shawky, A. I. and Abou-EI-Ata, M. O., “Constrained production lot-size model with trade-credit policy: a comparison geometric programming approach via Lagrange,” Production Planning & Control, 12 (2001), 654-659.
34. Shinn, S. W., Hwang, H., Park, S. S., “Joint price and lot size determination under conditions of permissible delay in payments and quantity discounts for freight cost,” European Journal of Operational Research, Vol.91, (1996), 528-542.
35. Shinn, S. W., “Determining optimal retail price and lot size under day-terms supplier credit,” Computers and Industrial Engineering, Vol.33, Nos.3-4 (1997), 717-720.
36. Shinn, S. W.; Hwang, H., “Optimal pricing and ordering policies for retailers under order size-dependent delay in payments,” Computers and Operations Research, Vol.30, (2003), 35-50.
37. Teng, J. T., “On the economic order quantity under conditions of permissible delay in payments,” Journal of the Operational Research Society, Vol.53, (2002), 915-918.
38. Ward, S. C., Chapman, C. B., “Inventory control and trade credit-a reply to Daellennbach” Journal of the Operational Research Society, Vol.38, No.11 (1987), 1081-1084.

指導教授

沈國基(Gwo-Ji Sheen)

審核日期

2004-6-23

推文