參考文獻 |
Abbt-Braun, G., Lankes, U., Frimmel, F. H., 2004. Structural characterization of
aquatic humic substances - The need for a multiple method approach, Aquatic
Science 66, 151–170.
Allen, G. A., 1998. Invited comments on: “real time liquid water mass
measurement for airborne particulates”. Aerosol Science and
Technology 29, 563-565.
Andreae, M., 1983. Soot Carbon and Excess Fine Potassium: Long-Range Transport of
Combustion-Derived Aerosols. Science 220, 1148-1151.
Andrews, E., Larson, S. M., 1993. Effect of surfactant layers on the size
changes of aerosol particles as a function of relative humidity.
Environmental Science and Technology 27, 857-865.
Buffle, J., 1977. Les substance humiques et leurs interactions aver les
ions mineraux, in Conference Proceedings de la Commission
d’Hydrologie Appliqu´ee de A.G. H.T.M., 3–10, l’Universit´e
d’Orsay.
Carrico, C. M., Kreidenweis, S. M., Malm W. C., Day, D. E., Lee, T.,
Carrillo, J., McMeeking, G. R., Collett Jr. J. L., 2005. Hygroscopic
growth behavior of a carbon-dominated aerosol in Yosemite
National Park. Atmospheric Environment 39, 1393-1404.
Carson, P. G., Neubauer, K. P., Johnston, M. V., Wexler, A. S., 1995.
On-line chemical analysis of aerosols by rapid single-particle mass
spectrometry. Journal of Aerosol Science 26, 535-545.
Cavalli, F., Facchini,M.C., Decesari, S.,Mircea,M., Emblico, L., Fuzzi, S.,
Ceburnis, D., Yoon, Y.J., O'Dowd, C.D., Putaud, J.-P., Dell'Acqua, A., 2004. Advances in characterization of size-resolved organic matter in marine aerosol over the North Atlantic. Journal of Geophysical Research 109 (D24), doi:10.1029/2004JD005137.
Chan, M. N., Choi, M. Y., Lee, N. N., Chan, C. K., 2005. Hygroscopicity
of water-soluble organic compounds in atmospheric aerosol: amino
acids and biomass burning derived organic species. Environmental
Science and Technology 39, 1555-1562.
Chang, S. Y., Lee, C. T., 2002. Applying GC-TCD to investigate the
hygroscopic characteristics of mixed aerosols. Atmospheric Environment 36, 1521-1530.
Chen, L. Y., Jeng, F. T., Chen, C. C., Hsiao, T. C., 2003. Hygroscopic behavior
of atmospheric aerosol in Taipei. Atmospheric Environment 37, 2069-2075.
Choi, M. Y., Chan, C. K., 2002. Continuous measurements of the water
activities of aqueous droplets of water-soluble organic compounds. Journal of Physical Chemistry 106, 4566-4572.
Cruz, C. N., Pandis, S. N., 1997. A study of the ability of pure secondary
organic aerosol to act as cloud condensation nuclei. Atmospheric
Environment 31, 2205-2214.
Cruz, C. N., Pandis, S. N., 2000. Deliquescence and hygroscopic growth
of mixed inorganic-organic atmospheric aerosol. Environmental
Science and Technology 34, 4313- 4319.
Curry, J. A., Schramm, J. L., Serreze, M. C., Ebert, E. E., 1995. Water
vapor feedback over the Aretic Ocean. Journal of Geophysical
Research 100, 14223-14229.
Cziczo, D. J., Nowak, J. B., Hu, J. H., Abbatt, J. P. D., 1997. Infrared
spectroscopy of model tropospheric aerosols as a function of relative
humidity : observation of deliquescence and crystallization. Journal
of Geophysical Research 102(D15), doi:10.1029/JD01361.
Decesari, S., Facchini, M.C., Matta, E., Lettini, F., Mircea, M., Fuzzi, S.,
Tagliavini, E., Putaud, J.P., 2001. Chemical features and seasonal variation of fine aerosol water-soluble organic compounds in the Po Valley, Italy. Atmospheric Environment 35, 3691–3699.
Decesari, S., Facchini, M. C., Matta, E., Mircea, M., Fuzzi, S., Chughtai, A. R., Smith,
D. M., 2002. Water soluble organic compounds formed by oxidation of soot.
Atmospheric Environment, 36, 1827–1832.
Dick, W.D., Saxena, P., McMurry, P.H., 2000. Estimation of water uptake byorganic
compounds in submicron aerosol measured during the Southeastern Aerosol and Visibility Study. Journal of Geophysical Research 105, 1471–1479.
Dinar, E., Taraniuk, I., Graber, E. R., Anttila, T., Mentel, T. F., Rudich, Y.,
2007. Hygroscopic growth of atmospheric and model humic-like substances, Journal of Geophysical Research 112(D05), doi:10.1029/2006JD007442.
Diss., Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule ETH Zürich, Nr. 16667, 2006
Facchini, M. C., Fuzzi, S., Zappoli, S., Andracchio, A., Gelencs´er,
A., Kiss, G., Kriv´acsy, Z., M´esz´aros, E., Hansson, H. C., Alsberg,
T., Zebuhr, Y., 1999. Partitioning of the organic aerosol component
between fog droplets and interstitial air, Journal of Geophysical Research 26(D21), 821–26.
Ferron, G.A., Karg, E., Busch, B., Heyder, J., 2005. Ambient particles at an
urban, semi-urban and rural site in Central Europe:hygroscopic properties,
Atmospheric Environment 39, 343–352
Gelencsér, A., 2004. Carbonaceous Aerosol. Atmospheric and
Ocean ographic Sciences Library 30. Springer1-4020-2886-5.
Gysel, M., Weingartner, E., Nyeki1, S., Paulsen1, D., Baltensperger, U.,
Galambos, I., Kiss, G., 2004. Hygroscopic properties of water-soluble
matter and humic-like organics in atmospheric fine aerosol. Atmospheric
Chemistry and Physics 4, 35–50.
Han, J. H., Martin, S. T., 1999. Heterogeneous nucleation of the
efflorescence of (NH4)2SO4 particles internally mixed with Al2O3,
TiO2, and ZrO2. Journal of Geophysical Research 104(D3), 3543-3553.
Havers, N., Burba, P., Lambert, J., Klockow, D., 1998. Spectroscopic
characterisation of humic-like substances in airborne particulate matter. Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry 29, 45–54.
Hemming, B. L., Seinfeld, J. H., 2001. On the Hygroscopic Behavior of
Atmospheric Organic Aerosols. Industrial and Engineering Chemistry
Research 40, 4162-4171.
Henry, R. C., 1997. The Application of The linear System Theory of
Visual Acuity To Visibility Reduction by Aerosols. Enviromental
Research and Technology 11, 697-701.
Hitzenberger, R., Berner, A., Dusek, U., Alabashi, R., 1997.
Humidity dependent growth of size-segregated aerosol samples.
Aerosol Scence and Technology 27, 116-130.
Huang, X. F., Yu, J. Z., 2007. Size distributions of elemental carbon in a
coastal urban atmosphere in South China: characteristics, evolution
processes, and implications for the mixing state. Atmospheric Chemistry
and Physics Discussions 7, 10743–10766.
Janos, P., 2003. Separation methods in the chemistry of humic substances,
Journal of Chromatography 983, 1–18.
Kalberer, M., Paulsen, D., Sax, M., Steinbacher, M., Dommen, J., Prevot, A. S.
H., Fisseha, R., Weingartner, E., Frankevich, V., Zenobi, R., Baltensperger, U., 2004. Identification of polymers as major components of atmospheric organic aerosols, Science 303, 1659–1662.
Khvorostyanov, V.I., Curry, J.A., 1999. A simple analytical model of
aerosol properties with account for hygroscopic growth 2. Scattering
and absorption coefficients. Journal of Geophysical Research 104(D2),
2163-2174.
Kim, J., Yoon, S. C., Jefferson, A., Kim, S. W., 2006. Aerosol hygroscopic properties
during Asian dust, pollution, and biomass burning episodes at Gosan, Korea in
April 2001. Atmospheric Environment 40, 1550–1560.
Kiss, G., Varga, B., Galambos, I., Ganszky, I., 2002. Characterization of water
soluble organic matter isolated from atmospheric fine aerosol, Journal of Geophysical Research 107(D21), doi:10.1029/2001JD000603.
Kiss, G., Tombacz, E., Hansson, H.C., 2005. Surface Tension Effects of
Humic-Like Substances in the Aqueous Extract of Tropospheric Fine
Aerosol. Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry 50, 279–294.
Krivácsy, Z., Kiss, G., Varga, B., Galambos, I., Sárvári, Z., Gelencsér, A.,
Molnár, Á., Fuzzi, S., Facchini, M.C., Zappoli, S., Andracchio, A., Alsberg, T., Hansson, H.C., Persson, L., 2000. Study of humic like substances in fog and interstitial aerosol by size-exclusion chromatography and capillary electrophoresis. Atmospheric Environment 34, 4273–4281.
Krivácsy, Z., Hoffer, A., Sárvári, Z., Temesi, D., Baltensperger, U., Nyeki, S.,
Weingartner, E., Kleefeld, S., Jennings, S.G., 2001. Role of organic and black carbon in the chemical composition of atmospheric aerosol at European background sites. Atmospheric Environment 35, 6231–6244.
Krivácsy, Z., Gelencsér, A., Kiss, G., Mészáros, E., Molnár, Á., Hoffer, A.,
Mészáros, T., Sárvári, Z., Temesi, D., Varga, B., Baltensperger, U., Nyeki, S., Weingartner, E., 2001. Study on the chemical character of water soluble organic compounds in fine atmospheric aerosol at the Jungfraujoch. Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry 39, 235–259.
Lee, C. T., Hsu, W. C., 1998. A Novel Method to Measure Aerosol Water
Mass. Journal of Aerosol Science 29, 827-837.
Lee, C.T., Hsu, W.C., 2000. The measurement of liquid water mass associated
with collected hygroscopic particles. Journal of Aerosol Science 31,
189–197.
Lee, C. T., Chang, S. Y., 2002. A GC-TCD method for measuring the liquid water
mass of collected aerosols. Atmospheric Environment 36, 1883-1894.
Lide, D. R., 1991. Handbook of chemistry and physics.
Lightstone, J. M., Onasch, T. B., Imre, D., 2000. Deliquescence,
efflorescence, and water activity in ammonium nitrate and mixed
ammonium nitrate/succinic acid microparticles. Journal of Physical
Chemistry A 104, 9337-9346.
Malm, W. C., 1991. Considerations in the Accuracy of a Long-Path
Transmissometer. Aerosol Science and Technology 14, 459-471.
Martin, S. T., 1998. Phase transformations of the ternary system
(NH4)2SO4-H2SO4-H2O and the implications for cirrus cloud
formation. Geophysical Research Letter 25, 1657-1660.
Matta, E., Facchini, M.C., Decesari, S., Mircea, M., Cavalli, F., Fuzzi, S., Putaud, J.
P., DellAcqua, A., 2003. Mass closure on the chemical species in size-segregated atmospheric aerosol collected in an urban area of the Po Valley, Italy. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 3, 623–637.
Mayol-Bracero, O.L., Guyon, P., Graham, B., Roberts, G., Andreae,
M.O., Decesari, S., Facchini, M.C., Fuzzi, S., Artaxo, P., 2002.
Water-soluble organic compounds in biomass burning aerosols over
Amazonia, 2. Apportionment of the chemical composition and
importance of the polyacidic fraction. Journal of Geophysical
Research 107 (D20), doi:10.1029/2001JD000522.
McFiggans, G., Artaxo, P., Baltensperger, U., Coe, H., Facchini, M. C.,
Feingold, G. et al. (2006). The effect of physical and chemical aerosol properties on warm cloud droplet activation. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 6, 2593–2649.
Mukai, H., Ambe, Y., 1986. Characterization of a humic acid-like brown
substance in airborne particulate matter and tentative identification of its origin. Atmospheric Environment 20, 813–819.
Neubauer, K. R., Johnston, M. V., Wexler, A. S., 1998. Humidity
effects on the mass spectra of single aerosols particles. Atmospheric
Environment 32, 2521-2529.
Onasch, T. B., Siefert, R. L., Brooks, S. D., Prenni, A. J., Murray,
B., Wilson, M. A., Tolbert, M. A., 1999. Infrared spectroscopic
study of the deliquescence and efflorescence of ammonium sulfate
aerosol as a function of temperature. Journal of Geophysical
Research 104(D17), 21317-21326.
Pilinis, C., 1989. Numerical Simulation of Visibility Degradation Due to
Particulate Matter: Model Development and Evaluation. Journal of
Geophysical Research 94(D07), 9937-9946.
U.S. EPA, 1994. Quality Assurance Handbook for Air Pollution Measurement Systems,
Reference, Method for the Determination of Suspended Particulates in the
Atmosphere. High Volume Method 2, section 2.2.
Rogers, C. F., Watson, J. G., Day, D., and Oraltay, R. G., 1998.
Real-time liquid water mass measurement for airborne particulates.
Aerosol Science and Technology 29, 557-562.
Salma, I., Ocskay, R., Chi, X., Maenhaut, W., 2007. Sampling artefacts,
concentration and chemical composition of fine water-soluble organic carbon and humic-like substances in a continental urban atmospheric environment. Atmospheric Environment 41, 4106-4118.
Samburova, V., Szidat, S., Hueglin, C., Fisseha, R., Baltensperger,
U., Zenobi, R., Kalberer, M., 2005b. Seasonal variation of
high-molecular-weight compounds in the water-soluble fraction of
organic urban aerosols. Journal of Geophysical Research 110(D23), doi:10.1029/2005JD005910.
Sarah, D. B., Paul, J. D., Sonia, M. K., 2004. Water uptake by particles containing
humic materials and mixtures of humic materials with ammonium sulfate.
Atmospheric Environment 38, 1859–1868.
Saxena, P., Hildemann, L. M., McMurry, P. H., Seinfeld, J. H.,1995.
Journal of Geophysical Research 100 (D9), 18755-18770.
Saxena, P., Hildemann, L. M., 1996. Water-soluble organics in atmospheric
particles:A critical review of the literature and application of thermodynamics to identify candidate compounds. Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry 24, 57-109.
Seinfeld, J. H., Pandis, S. N., 1998. Atmospheric chemistry and physics : from air
pollution to climate change. Atmospheric chemistry and physics.
Simoneit, B. R. T., 1980. Eoalian particulates form oceanic and rural areas –
their lipids fulvic and humic acids and residual carbon, in A. Douglas and J. Maxwell, eds., Advances in Organic Geochemistry, 343–352.
Speer, R. E., Barnes, H. M., Brown, R., 1997. An instrument for measuring the liquid
water content of aerosols. Aerosol Science and Technology 27, 50-61.
Tang, I.N., 1980. Deliquescence properties and particle size change of hygroscopic
aerosols. In generation of aerosols and facilities for exposure experiments (edited
by Willeke, K.), 153-167. Ann Arbor Science, Ann Arbor, MI.
Tang, I.N., Munkelwitz, H. R., 1993. Aerosol Phase Transformation and Growth in the
Atmosphere. Journal of Applied Meteorology 33, 791–796
Tang, I. N., Munkelwitz, H. R., 1994. Water activities, densities, and refractive indices
of aqueous sulfates and sodium nitrate droplets of atmospheric importance.
Journal of Geophysical Research 99(D09), 18801-18808.
Tang, I. N., 1996. Chemical and size effects of hygroscopic aerosols on light scattering
coefficients. Journal of Geophysical Research 101, 19245-19250.
Tolocka, M. P., Jang, M., Ginter, J. M., Cox, F. J., Kamens, R. M., Johnston,
M. V., 2004. Formation of oligomers in secondary organic aerosol,
Environment Science and Technology 38, 1428–1434.
Turpin, B. J., Saxena, P., Andrews, E., 2000. Measuring and simulating
particulate organics in the atmosphere: problems and prospects.
Atmospheric Environment 34, 2983-3013.
Tursic, J., Podkrajsek, B., Grgic, I., Ctyroky, P., 2006. Chemical composition
and hygroscopic properties of size-segregated aerosol particles collected at the Adriatic coast of Slovenia. Chemosphere 63, 1193-1202.
U.S. EPA, 1999. Visibility Monitoring Guidance. Research Triangle Park.
EPA-454/R-99-003.
Varga, B., Kiss, G., Ganszky, I., Gelencsér, A., Krivácsy, Z., 2001. Isolation of
water-soluble organic matter from atmospheric aerosol. Talanta 55,
561–572.
Weis, D. D., Ewing, G. E., 1996. Infrared spectroscopic signatures of (NH4)2SO4
aerosols. Journal of Geophysical Research 101, 18709-18720.
Winkler, P., Junge, C., 1972. The growth of atmospheric aerosol particles as a function
of relative humidity, part 1L methods and measurements at different locations.
Journal of Research Atmopheric 6, 617-638.
Yang, H., Li, Q., Yu, J. Z., 2003. Comparison of two methods for the
determination of water-soluble organic carbon in atmospheric particles.
Atmospheric Environment 37, 865–870.
Zappoli, S., Andracchio, A., Fuzzi, S., Facchini, M. C., Gelencser, A., Kiss, G.,
Krivacsy, Z., Molnar, A., Meszaros, E., Hansson, H. C., Rosman, K., Zebuhr, Y.,
1999. Inorganic, organic and macromolecular components of fine aerosol in
different spheric. Atmospheric Environment 33, 2733-2743.
Zheng, B., Sage, M., Cai, W. W., Thompson, D. M., Tavsanli, B. C., Cheah,Y. C.,
Bradley, A., 1999. Engineering a mouse balancer chromosome. Nat Grent 22,
375-378.
張士昱,2001。易潮解無機氣膠含水特性之研究。國立中央大學環境工程研究所
博士論文。
溫志雄,2002。台灣一般大氣氣膠化學成份之連續監測及含水量之量測。國立中
央大學環境工程研究所碩士論文。
許惠敏,2003。低分子量二元有機酸分析方法及含水特性之研究。國立中央大學
環境工程研究所碩士論文。
秦若鈺,2004。大氣常有機物及有機/無機混合氣膠含水特性之研究。國立中央大
學環境工程研究所碩士論文。
陳美君,2006。大氣氣膠含水量受氣膠化學成分的影響及水可溶有機碳分析方法
的建立。國立中央大學環境工程研究所碩士論文 |