類似Kiva系統之訂單分配於揀貨工作站的相關問題探討

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黃獎緯(Jiang-Wei Huang) 查詢紙本館藏

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工業管理研究所

論文名稱

類似Kiva系統之訂單分配於揀貨工作站的相關問題探討

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摘要(中)

近年來受到全球化的影響且網路科技迅速發展，使市場競爭日趨激烈，因此物流產業為了因應這種變化，必須找出更有效率的作業模式，以符合消費市場的需求，並提供顧客更高的服務水準與品質。因此若是能使用恰當的作業策略來降低從進貨到出貨的作業時間與成本，這對提升物流中心的運作效率將有非常顯著之影響。
Kiva作業為目前物流作業中最新的一種策略，是指在Kiva作業上不用像以往傳統物流那樣以「人到貨」的方式，而是顛覆了傳統物流上的做法，改變為「貨到人」的方式來搬運商品，以致於能夠大幅降低在整個作業流程上人力與時間的成本。如此便可使品項從進貨到出貨的時間最小化，因此Kiva作業適合需要快速處理的緊急訂單，且能夠將訂單從訂單池選取進行揀取和包裝後，再出貨。
本研究針對使用Kiva作業系統（Kiva Operation System）之物流中心所延伸出的三種決策問題進行探討，並分別提出相對應的訂單分配、訂單分配之工作站挑選，與訂單分配之空儲存格挑選問題，再利用模擬實驗所得到的數據，比較在此環境下的總系統執行時間（Total System Time）、總延後時間（Total Tardiness），以判斷哪種因子組合對訂單分配之揀貨工作站與訂單分配之空儲存格的挑選法則作業效率有較顯著的提升。

摘要(英)

Because our country has impacted by globalization, and the network is growing fast, the market competition is becoming more and more fierce. For those reasons, the logistics industry has to find an operation mode which was more effective to conform to the demands of consumer market, and provide a higher level and quality to customers. Thus, reducing the operation time and costs from receiving to shipping by using appropriate operation strategy will significantly impact the effectiveness of logistic center.
Kiva operation is a latest strategy of logistics operations, which means that Kiva operation changed to handle goods in "goods to person" method instead of in "person to goods" method, which subverted the measures in traditional logistics, resulting in big reduction in the cost and time of the whole operation process. Therefore, the time from purchase to shipment can be minimized. For those characteristics, Kiva operation is particularly suitable for urgent orders and it can pick orders from order pool to pick and pack, and then ship.
This research aims to three issues of Kiva Operation System, which were order assigning problem rule, order of workstation selecting problem rule, and order of cell selecting problem rule. Finally, in this environment, comparing the data by Total System Time, Total Tardiness, which were obtained by simulation experiments, to know which combination of the rules will performs better.

關鍵字(中)

★ Kiva作業系統
★ 訂單分配法則
★ 訂單分配之揀貨工作站挑選法則
★ 訂單分配之空儲存格挑選法則

關鍵字(英)

★ Kiva Operation System
★ Order Assigning Problem
★ Order of Picking Workstation Selecting Problem
★ Order of Cell Selecting Problem

論文目次

摘要 I
Abstract II
目錄 III
圖目錄 VI
表目錄 VIII
第一章緒論 1
1.1 研究背景 1
1.2 研究動機 2
1.3 研究目的 2
1.4 研究環境 3
1.5 研究問題說明 3
1.6 論文架構 4
第二章文獻探討 7
2.1 物流 7
2.1.1 物流的定義 7
2.1.2 物流中心的功能 8
2.1.3 物流中心之類型探討 11
2.2 Kiva系統 12
2.2.1 Kiva系統介紹 13
2.2.2 Kiva內部系統的功能 14
2.2.3 Kiva機器人之探討 15
2.2.4 Kiva系統之作業流程 17
2.3 訂單揀取方法 20
2.4 儲位管理問題 20
2.4.1 儲存策略 23
2.4.2 儲位指派問題 24
第三章研究方法 26
3.1 各研究議題之方法整理 26
3.2 Kiva作業系統流程說明 27
3.2.1 訂單到達作業流程錯誤! 尚未定義書籤。
3.2.2 訂單分配作業流程－直接考慮工作站 27
3.2.3 訂單分配作業流程－直接考慮空儲位格 29
3.3 訂單分配之揀貨工作站挑選法則 31
3.3.1 隨機挑選 32
3.3.2 儲存架空格數最多之揀貨工作站優先 32
3.3.3 有空等最久儲存架空格的揀貨工作站優先 33
3.3.4 有最大儲存架空格總空等時間的揀貨工作站優先 34
3.4 訂單分配法則 35
3.4.1 隨機分配 35
3.4.2 最早出貨時間 36
3.4.3 最小寬鬆時間 36
3.4.4 最少品項種類 38
3.4.5 最多品項種類 38
3.4.6 最少品項總數 39
3.4.7 最多品項總數 40
3.4.8 與目前儲存架上未滿足訂單的未滿足品項種類之相似比例最高 41
3.5 訂單分配之空儲存格挑選法則 43
3.5.1 隨機挑選 43
3.5.2 「空等最久儲存架空格優先」 44
3.5.3 「所屬儲存架的空格數最多」搭配「隨機」 45
3.5.4 「所屬儲存架的空格數最多」搭配「空等最久」 46
3.5.5 「所屬儲存架之空格總空等時間最長」搭配「隨機」 47
3.5.6 「所屬儲存架之空格總空等時間最長」搭配「空等最久」 48
第四章實驗結果與分析 49
4.1 實驗設計 49
4.1.1 實驗環境 49
4.1.2 實驗目的 50
4.1.3 實驗環境假設 51
4.1.4 實驗績效評估指標 51
4.1.5 模擬實驗因子 52
4.2 統計分析：直接考慮工作站 56
4.2.1 依「總系統執行時間（TST）」為績效評估值 56
4.2.2 依「總延後時間（TT）」為績效評估值 61
4.3 統計分析：直接考慮空儲存格 65
4.3.1 依「總系統執行時間（TST）」為績效評估值 65
4.3.2 依「總延後時間（TT）」為績效評估值 70
4.4 實驗結論 76
第五章研究結論與建議 78
5.1 研究結論 78
5.2 未來研究建議 79
參考文獻 80
中文部份 80
英文部分 822
附錄 86
附錄一、所有因子組合在α=0.05之TST績效的Duncan檢定表 87
附錄二、所有因子組合在α=0.05之TT績效的Duncan檢定表 90

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指導教授

何應欽(Ying-Chin Ho)

審核日期

2016-7-26

推文