經濟發展與所得分配不均之相關議題探討

以作者查詢圖書館館藏

、以作者查詢臺灣博碩士

、以作者查詢全國書目

、勘誤回報

、線上人數：13

、訪客IP：3.149.243.106

姓名

吳宜臻(Yi-Chen Wu) 查詢紙本館藏

畢業系所

經濟學系

論文名稱

經濟發展與所得分配不均之相關議題探討
(Three Essays on Macroeconomics)

相關論文

★ 消費財富效果不對稱分析: 馬可夫轉換共同趨勢模型之應用	★ 股票市場報酬與波動性外溢效果分析
★ 中國大陸勞動合同法與企業所得稅法對台商的衝擊與因應	★ 結構FAVAR模型與台灣貨幣政策分析
★ 通貨膨脹率預測:考慮結構變動之動態因子模型應用	★ 匯率因子與市場基要之預測表現
★ 我國LED照明產業技術進步之研究:可計算一般均衡模型之應用	★ 亞洲國家石油消費之實證研究
★ 台灣大小公司報酬與流動性之實證研究	★ 1999-2010年影響臺灣家庭貧窮現象之因素
★ 台灣外匯暨股票市場流動性與景氣循環關係之探討	★ 台灣區域GDP估計與都會區發展研究
★ 台灣經濟成長率之混合頻率預測-MIDAS迴歸應用	★ 從產業關聯表檢視美國再工業化成效
★ 從產業關聯表檢視中國大陸進口替代之情形	★ 油價對匯率預測能力之分析

檔案

[Endnote RIS 格式]

[Bibtex 格式]

[相關文章]

[文章引用]

[完整記錄]

[館藏目錄]

[檢視]

[下載]

本電子論文使用權限為同意立即開放。
已達開放權限電子全文僅授權使用者為學術研究之目的，進行個人非營利性質之檢索、閱讀、列印。
請遵守中華民國著作權法之相關規定，切勿任意重製、散佈、改作、轉貼、播送，以免觸法。

摘要(中)

經濟發展與所得分配不均皆是總體經濟學範疇中相當受到重視的議題，許多學者提出不同的解釋與討論，因此本篇論文旨在探討三個議題：外人直接投資與所得分配不均度之相互關係、政府規模、治理與經濟發展之相關分析、健康支出對經濟發展之影響。
首先，本文第一章針對經濟發展與所得分配不均之相關議題進行介紹。爾後，第二章探討在不同經濟發展程度之下，外人直接投資對所得分配不均度之影響。利用65個國家自1970年至2005年的橫斷面資料，並且以工具變數門檻迴歸（IV threshold regression）方法進行實證分析。本章的發現如下，外人直接投資對所得分配不均度之貢獻為非對稱的。在所得相對較低的國家中，外人直接投資對所得分配不均度為負向顯著的關係，這說明在所得相對較低的國家，提高一國的外人直接投資所帶來經濟成長之實質效益，分配於貧窮者之比重較高，進而顯著改善所得分配不均程度；然而，在所得相對較高的國家中，外人直接投資對所得分配不均度的效果則是不顯著，這說明提高一國的外人直接投資所能改善其所得分配不均度的能力並不顯著。因此，所得相對較低的國家可透由提高外人直接投資自由度之管道，以縮小國家貧富之間的差距。
推動經濟發展為各國一直以來的重要經濟目標之一，本文第三章延伸新古典生產函數，捕抓政府在經濟發展過程中所扮演的角色，以跨國追縱資料（panel data）包含17個開發中國家與23個已開發國家，樣本期間自1984年至2005年，並考慮到各國之間存在不同的國家特性與內生性等問題，採用Common Correlated Effects (CCE) estimator探究政府規模、政府治理與經濟發展之間的長期關係。本章結果發現，整體而言，良好的政府治理將可激勵國家經濟發展表現；另一方面，若以政府支出作為政府規模之衡量指標，當政府提高支出將有損其經濟發展，然而若以政府稅收作為衡量指標，則增加政府稅收可有利於國家經濟發展。
第四章則關注於健康支出之提高，對於不同所得水準國家長期經濟發展的影響。文中嘗試運用Pedroni (2001) 所提出Fully Modified OLS方法，以1995年至2011年跨國追縱資料重新檢視健康支出與經濟成長之長期共整合關係。主要結果發現，中所得與高所得國家分別提高其整體健康支出，對經濟發展長期皆存有顯著負向之影響；但此效果在低所得國家並不顯著，隱含著透由提高整體健康支出，促進國家長期經濟發展並非良好之政策工具。

摘要(英)

This dissertation consists of three independent yet related essays that study the topic of macroeconomics, including income inequality and economic development. The three essays are organized as follows. Chapter 1 of the dissertation introduces the main issues of income inequality and economic development. Chapter 2 discusses foreign direct investment (FDI) and income inequality, Chapter 3 reports on governance, government size, and economic development empirical studies, and Chapter 4 debates the long-run relationship between health care expenditure and economic development.
Chapter 2 employs cross-country data for the period from 1970 to 2005 to test for potential income thresholds in the FDI-inequality nexus. The results find that in a low-income regime, FDI exerts a disproportionately positive impact on the relatively poor and hence improves income distribution. In a high-income regime, FDI benefits everyone in a society under a similar fashion and thus has no significant impact on income distribution.
Chapter 3 debates the role of government in the process of economic development and highlights how government can affect economic performance by its sheer size and its quality. The study conducts heterogeneous panel cointegration techniques in a common factor modeling framework. For a sample of developed and developing countries over the period 1984-2011, the empirical results present that, on average or in general, better governance significantly improves economic development whereas government size measured by government expenditure exerts a significant and negative effect on economic development. When proxied by taxes, government size increases economic development, on average. However, large variations are also detected, which means that some countries may benefit from large government size while some countries may lose from large taxation.
Chapter 4’s aim is to analyze the effects of health expenditure on economic development. Particularly, this study utilizes heterogeneous panel cointegration techniques in a mean group-modeling framework (Pedroni, 2001). During the period 1995-2011, we discover that health care expenditure, on average, exerts a significant and negative effect on economic development in separate group samples of middle-income and high-income countries. As for low-income countries, health care expenditure exerts negligible impacts, in general, whereas large differences among countries do exist.

關鍵字(中)

★ 經濟發展
★ 所得分配不均
★ 外人直接投資
★ 政府規模
★ 政府治理
★ 人力資本投資

關鍵字(英)

★ Economic development
★ Income inequality
★ Foreign direct investment
★ Government size
★ Governance
★ Human capital investment

論文目次

Contents

1　Introduction
2　Foreign Direct Investment and Income Inequality
2.1 Introduction 4
2.2 Methodology and Data 13
2.2.1 Methodology 13
2.2.2 Data 16
2.3 Empirical Results 19
2.3.1 FDI and Growth of Gini index 22
2.3.2 FDI and Growth of the Lowest Income Share 25
2.3.3 FDI and Output Growth 27
2.4 Concluding Remarks 28
References 30
Appendix 39
3　 Governance, Government Size, and Economic Development
3.1 Introduction 40
3.2 Governance, Government Size, and Economic Development 44
3.3 Data and Econometric Methods 47
3.3.1 Development accounting and measures of government size and governance 47
3.3.2 Econometric methods 53
3.4 Empirical Results 56
3.4.1 Time-series properties of the data 56
3.4.2 Main results 58
3.5 Concluding Remarks 68
References 69
4　 Health Care Expenditure and Economic Development
4.1 Introduction 77
4.2 Methodology and Data 80
4.2.1 Methodology 80
4.2.2 Data 83
4.3 Empirical Results 85
4.3.1 Integration and cointegration 85
4.3.2 Long-run estimates 87
4.3.3 Short-run dynamics and long-run causality 95
4.4 Concluding Remarks 97
References 99

List of Tables

Table 2.1 Descriptive Statistics 19
Table 2.2 GMM Estimation Effects of FDI on Growth of Gini 20
Table 2.3 GMM Estimation Effects of FDI on Growth of Lowest Income Share 21
Table 2.4 GMM Estimation Effects of FDI on Output Growth 22
Table 2.5 Threshold Effects of FDI on Growth of Gini 24
Table 2.6 Threshold Effects of FDI on Growth of Lowest Income Share 26
Table 2.7 Threshold Effects of FDI on Output Growth 27
Table 3.1 Sample Countries 49
Table 3.2 Descriptive Statistics: 1984-2011 52
Table 3.3 Pesaran′s CD and Panel Unit Root Tests 56
Table 3.4 Heterogeneity Tests 58
Table 3.5 Estimates of the Effect on Economic Development 59
Table 3.6 Considering Tax as the Measure of Government Size 62
Table 3.7 Components of Government Size 66
Table 3.8 Error Correction Models and Short-Run Dynamics 67
Table 4.1 Descriptive Statistics 85
Table 4.2 Pesaran’s CD and Panel Unit Root Tests 86
Table 4.3 Cointegration Tests and Heterogeneity Tests 87
Table 4.4 Low-income Countries 88
Table 4.5 Middle-income Countries 91
Table 4.6 High-income Countries 94
Table 4.7 Short-run Dynamics and Long-run Causality 97

List of Figures

Figure 2.1 Global FDI Flow 1970-2007 4
Figure 3.1 CCEMG Country-Specific Estimates 65
Figure 4.1 Total Health Expenditure and Economic Development 78

參考文獻

References
Abramovitz, M., 1986. Catching up, forging ahead and falling behind. Journal of Economic History 46, 385-406.
Acemoglu, D., Johnson, S., and Robinson, J., 2005. Institutions as the fundamental cause of long-run economic growth. In: Aghion, P., Durlauf, S., (Eds.), Handbook of economic growth. North-Holland.
Acemoglu, D., 2008. Oligarchic versus democratic societies. Journal of the European Economic Association 6, 1-44.
Acemoglu, D., Robinson, J.A., 2006. Economic backwardness in political perspective. American Political Science Review 100, 115-131.
Acemoglu, D., Robinson, J.A., 2006. Economic Origins of Dictatorship and Democracy. Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press.
Acemoglu, D., Verdier, T., 2000. The choice between corruption and market failures. American Economic Review 90, 194-211.
Adam, S., 2008. Globalization and income inequality: implications for intellectual property rights. Journal of Policy Modeling 30, 725-735.
Afonso, A., Furceri, D., 2010. Government size, composition, volatility and economic growth. European Journal of Political Economy 26, 517-532.
Afonso, A., Schuknecht, L., and Tanzi, V., 2005. Public sector efficiency: An international comparison. Public Choice 123, 321-347.
Aghion, P., Bolton, P., 1997. A Theory of Trickle-Down Growth and Development. The Review of Economic Studies 64, 151-172.
Aghion, P., Caroli, E., and Garcia-Peñalosa, C., 1999. Inequality and economic growth: the perspective of the new growth theories. Journal of Economic Literature 37, 1615-1660.
Aghion, P., Howitt, P., 1997. Endogenous economic growth. Cambridge MA: MIT Press.
Aidt, T.S., Dutta, J., and Sena, V., 2008. Governance regimes, corruption and growth: Theory and evidence. Journal of Comparative Economics 36, 195-220.
Aidt, T.S., Eterovic, D.S., 2011. Political competition, electoral participation and public finance in 20th century Latin America. European Journal of Political Economy 27, 181-200.
Alesina, A., Perotti, R., 1996. Income distribution, political instability, and investment . European Economic Review 40, 1203-1228.
Alesina, A., Rodrik, D., 1994. Distributive politics and economic growth. Quarterly Journal of Economics 109, 465-490.
Alfaro, L., Rodriguez, A., 2004. Multinationals and Linkages: Evidence from Latin America. Economica 4, 113-1170.
Alfaro, L., Chanda, A., Kalemli-Ozcan, S., and Sayek, S., 2004. FDI and economic growth: the role of local financial markets. Journal of International Economics 64, 89-112.
Alfaro, L., Chanda, A., Kalemli-Ozcan, S., and Sayek, S., 2006. How does foreign direct investment promote economic growth? Exploring the effects of financial markets on linkages. NBER Working Paper 12522, Cambridge, MA.
Alfaro, L., Chanda, A., and Sayek, S., 2009. FDI, productivity and financial development. World Economy, doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9701.2008.01159.
Alderson, S.A., Nielsen, F., 1999. Income inequality, development, and dependence. American Sociological Review 64, 617-628.
Anderson, E., 2005. Openness and inequality in developing countries: a review of theory and recent evidence. World Development 33, 1045-1063.
Arellano, M., Bond, S., 1991. Some tests of specication for panel data: Monte Carlo evidence and an application to employment equations. The Review of Economic Studies 58, 277-297.
Armey, R., 1995. The freedom revolution. Washington, DC: Rognery Publishing Co.
Arusha, C. 2013. Does health capital have differential effects on economic growth? Applied Economics Letters 20, 244-249.
Aschauer, D.A., 1989. Does public capital crowd-out private capital? Journal of Monetary Economics 24, 171-188.
Bai, J., 2009. Panel data models with interactive fixed effects. Econometrica 77, 1229-1279.
Bajo-Rubio, O., 2000. A further generalization of the Solow growth model: The role of the public sector. Economics Letters 68, 79-84.
Baland, J.M., Bardhan, P., Das, S., and Mookherjee, D., 2010. Forests to the people: decentralization and forest degradation in the Indian Himalayas. World Development 38, 1642-1656.
Baldacci, E., Clements, B., Gupta, S., and Cui, Q., 2008. Social spending, human capital, and growth in developing countries. World Development 36, 1317-1341.
Baltagi, B.H., Moscone, F., 2010. Health care expenditure and income in the OECD reconsidered: evidence from panel data. IZA Discussion Paper Series, 4851.
Banerjee, A., 1997. A theory of misgovernance. Quarterly Journal of Economics 112, 1289-1332.
Barba Navaretti, G., Venables, A., 2004. Multinational firms in the world economy. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Barro, R.J., 1990. Government spending in a simple model of endogenous growth. Journal of Political Economy 98, S103-S125.
Barro, R.J., 1991. Economic growth in a cross-section of countries. Quarterly Journal of Economics 106, 407-444.
Barro, R.J., 1997. Determinants of economic growth: a cross-country empirical study. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Barro, R.J., 1999. Determinants of democracy. Journal of Political Economy 107, 158-183.
Barro, R.J., Sala-i-Martin, X., 1992. Public finance in models of economic growth. Review of Economic Studies 59, 645-661.
Barro, R.J., Sala-i-Martin, X., 1999. Economic Growth. The MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
Baskaran, T., Bigsten, A., 2013. Fiscal capacity and the quality of government in Sub-Saharan Africa. World Development 45, 92-107.
Bayoumi, T., Coe, D.T., and Helpman, E., 1999. R&D spillovers and global growth. Journal of International Economics 47, 399-428.
Beck, T., Demirguç-Kunt, A., and Levine, R., 2003. Law, endowments, and finance. Journal of Financial Economics 70, 137-181.
Beck, T., Demirguc-Kunt, A., and Levine, R., 2007. Finance, inequality and the poor. Journal of Economic Growth 12, 27-49.
Beer, L., 1999. Income inequality and transnational corporate penetration. Journal of World Systems Research 5, 1-25.
Behrman, J.R., 1990. The action of human resources and poverty on one another that we have yet to learn. World Bank Living Standards Measurement Working Paper 74.
Benhabib, J., Spiegel, M., 1994. The role of human capital in economic development: evidence for cross-country data. Journal of Monetary Economics 34, 143-173.
Bergh, A., Henrekson, M., 2011. Government size and economic growth: A survey and interpretation of the evidence. Journal of Economic Surveys 25, 872-897.
Bergh, A., Karlsson, M., 2010. Government size and growth: Accounting for economic freedom and globalization. Public Choice 42, 195-213.
Besley, T., Persson, T., 2009. The origins of state capacity: property rights, taxation, and policy. American Economic Review 99, 1218-1244.
Blankenau, W.F., Simpson, N.B., and Tomljanovich, M., 2007. Public education expenditures, taxation and growth: linking data to theory. American Economic Review Papers and Proceedings 97, 393-397.
Blomstrom, M., Kokko, A., 1998. Multinational corporations and spillovers. Journal of Economic Surveys 12, 247-277.
Bloom, D., Canning, D., and Sevilla, J., 2004. The Effect of Health on Economic Growth: A Production Function Approach. World Development 32, 1-13.
Bonfiglioli, A., 2008. Financial integration, productivity and capital accumulation. Journal of International Economics 76, 337-355.
Borensztein, E., Gregorio, J.D., and Lee, J.W., 1998. How does foreign direct investment affect economic growth? Journal of International Economics 45, 115-35.
Bornschier, V., Chase-Dunn, C., 1985. Transnational corporations and development. New York: Praeger.
Bose, N., Haque, M.E., and Osborn, D.R., 2007. Public expenditure and economic growth: A disaggregated analysis for developing countries. The Manchester School 75, 533-556.
Bourguignon, F., 1994. Growth, distribution, and human resources. In: Ranis, G., (ed.), En route to modern economic growth: Latin America in the 1990s, Johns Hopkins University Press for the Inter-American Development Bank, Washington, 43-70.
Braguinsky, S., Myerson, R.B., 2007. Capital and growth with oligarchic property rights. Review of Economic Dynamics 10, 676-704.
Brewer, J., 1988. The sinews of power: war, money and the English state, 1688-1783. Harvard University Press, Cambridge.
Busse, M., Hefeker, C., 2007. Political risk, institutions and foreign direct investment. European Journal of Political Economy 23. 397-415.
Caner, M., Hansen, B.E., 2004. Instrumental variable estimation of a threshold model. Econometric Theory 20, 813-843.
Caves, R.E., 1996. Multinational enterprises and economic analysis (2nd ed.). New York: Cambridge University Press.
Chakroun, M., 2009. Health care expenditure and GDP: an international panel smooth transition approach. Munich Personal RePEc Archive, 14322.
Chamley, C., 1986. Optimal taxation of capital income equilibrium with infinite lives. Econometrica 54, 607-622.
Choi, C., 2006. Does foreign direct investment affect domestic income inequality? Applied Economics Letters 13, 811-814.
Chong, A., Calderon, C., 2000. Causality and feedback between institutional measures and economic growth. Economics and Politics 12, 69-82.
Claessens, S., Perotti, E., 2007. Finance and inequality: channels and evidence. Journal of Comparative Economics 35, 748-773.
Coakley, J., Fuertes, A.-M., and Smith, R. P., 2006. Unobserved heterogeneity in panel time series models. Computational Statistics & Data Analysis 50, 2361-2380.
Currais, L., Rivera, B., 1999. Income variation and health expenditure: evidence for OECD countries. Review of Development Economics 3, 258-67.
Dar, A.A., AmirKhalkhali, S., 2002. Government size, factor accumulation, and economic growth: evidence from OECD countries. Journal of Policy Modeling 24, 679-692.
Datt, G., Ravallion, M., 1992. Growth and redistribution components of changes in poverty measures: a decomposition with applications to Brazil and India in the 1980s. Journal of Development Economics 38, 275-295.
Dauda, R.S., 2011. Health as a component of human capital formation: does it matter for the growth of the Nigerian economy? Canadian Social Science 7, 207-218.
Daveri, F., Tabellini, G., 2000. Unemployment, growth and taxation in industrial countries. Economic Policy 30, 49-88.
Davis, D., 1996. Trade liberalization and income inequality. NBER Working Paper no. 5693.
de Mello, Jr., L.R., 1997. Foreign direct investment in developing countries and growth: a selective survey. Journal of Development Studies 34, 1-34.
de Mello, Jr., L.R., 1999. Foreign direct investment-Led growth: evidence from time series and panel data. Oxford Economic Papers 51, 133-151.
Debaere, P., Lee, H., and Lee, J., 2009. It matters where you go outward foreign direct investment and multinational employment growth at home. Journal of Development, doi:10.1016/j.jdeveco.2009.07.002.
Deiddaa, L., Fattouh, B., 2002. Non-linearity between finance and growth. Economics Letters 74, 339-345.
Deininger, K., Squire, L., 1998. New way of looking at odd ideas: inequality and growth. Journal of Development Economics 57, 259-287.
Devarajan, S., Swaroop, V., and Zou, H., 1996. The composition of public expenditure and economic growth. Journal of Monetary Economics 37, 313-344.
Dixon, W.J., Boswell, T., 1996a. Dependency, articulation, and denominator effect: another look at the foreign capital penetration. American Journal of Sociology 102, 543-562.
Dixon, W.J., Boswell, T., 1996b. Differential productivity, negative externalities, and foreign capital dependency: reply to firebaugh. American Journal of Sociology 102, 576-584.
Djankov, S., Glaeser, E., La Porta, R., Lopez-de-Silanes, F., and Shleifer, A., 2003. The new comparative economics. Journal of Comparative Economics 31, 595-619.
Dobson, S., Ramlogan, C., 2009. Is there an openness Kuznets curve? Kyklos 62, 226-238.
Dollar, D., Kraay, A., 2002. Growth is good for the poor. Journal of Economic Growth 7, 195-225.
Dollar, D., Kraay, A., 2003. Institutions, trade, and growth. Journal of Monetary Economics 50, 133-162.
Dowrick, S., Golley, J., 2004. Trade openness and growth: who benefits? Oxford Review of Economic Policy 20, 38-55.
Dreher, A., Gaston, N., 2008. Has globalization increased inequality? Review of International Economics 16, 516-536.
Easterly, W., 2001. The lost decades: developing countries’ stagnation in spite of policy reforms 198-1998. Journal of Economic Growth 6, 135-157.
Easterly, W., Fischer, S., 2001. Inflation and the poor. Journal of Money, Credit and Banking 33, 160-178.
Easterly, W., Rebelo, S., 1993. Fiscal policy and economic growth: an empirical investigation. Journal of Monetary Economics 32, 458-493.
Egger, Winner, 2006. How corruption influences foreign direct investment: a panel data study. Economic Development and Cultural Change 54, 459-486.
Eicher, T.S., Garcia-Penalosa, C., 2001. Inequality and growth: the dual role of human capital in development. Journal of Development Economics 66, 173-197.
Eicher, T.S., Leukert, A., 2009. Institutions and economic performance: Endogeneity and parameter heterogeneity. Journal of Money, Credit and Banking 41, 197-219.
Elmi, Z.M., Sadeghi, S., 2012. Health care expenditures and economic growth in developing countries: panel co-integration and causality. Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research 12, 88-91.
Erosa, A., Ventura, G., 2002. On inflation as a regressive consumption tax. Journal of Monetary Economics 49, 761-795.
Feenstra, R., Hanson, G., 1996. Foreign investment, outsorcing and relative wages. In: Feenstra, R.C., Grossman, G.M., and Irwin, D.A. (Eds.), Political economy of trade policy: essays in honor of Jagdish Bhagwati. 89-127. MIT Press: Cambridge.
Feenstra, R., Hanson, G., 1997. Foreign direct investment and relative wages: evidence from Mexico’s maquiladoras. Journal of International Economics 42, 371-393.
Figini, P., Gorg, H., 1999. Multinational companies and wage inequality in the host country: the case of Ireland. Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv, 135, 4, 135-145.
Finer, S.E., 1997. The History of Government, vol. I-III, Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press.
Fogel, R.W., 1994. Economic growth, population theory and physiology: the bearing of long-term processes on the making of economic policy. The American Economic Review 84, 369-95.
Fölster, S., Henrekson, M., 2001. Growth effects of government expenditure and taxation in rich countries. European Economic Review 45, 1501-1520.
Fölster, S., Trofimov, G., 1996. Does the Welfare State Discourage Entrepreneurs? IUI, Stockholm, Mimeo.
Frankel, J.A., Romer, D., 1999. Does trade cause growth? American Economic Review 89, 379-398.
Furceri, D., Karras, G., 2009. Taxes and growth in Europe. South-Eastern Europe Journal of Economics 2, 181-201.
Galor, O., Moav, O., 2004. From physical to human capital accumulation: inequality and the process of development. Review of Economic Studies 71, 1001-1026.
Gaston, N., Nelson, D., 2002. Integration, foreign direct investment and labor markets: microeconomic perspectives. Manchester School 70, 420-459.
Ghali, K.H., 1998. Government size and economic growth: evidence from a multi-variate cointegration analysis. Applied Economic 31, 975-87.
Ghosh, S., Gregoriou, A., 2007. The composition of government spending and growth: Is current or capital spending better? Oxford Economic Papers 60, 484-516.
Girma, S., Gong, Y., and Gorg, H., 2008. Foreign direct investment, access to finance, and innovation activity in Chinese enterprises. World Bank Economic Review 22, 367-382.
Glaeser, E., La Porta, R., De Silva, F.L., and Shleifer, A., 2004. Do institutions cause growth? Journal of Economic Growth 9, 271-303.
Gorg, H., Greenway, D., 2004. Much ado about nothing? Do domestic firms really benefit from foreign direct investment? World Bank Research Observer 19, 171-197.
Gradstein, M., 2004. Governance and growth. Journal of Development Economics 73, 505-518.
Gradstein, M., 2007. Inequality, democracy and the protection of property rights. Economic Journal 117, 252-269.
Grossman, P.J., 1990. Government and growth: Cross-section evidence. Public Choice 65, 217-27.
Gupta, S., Davoodi, H., and Tiongson, E.R., 2001. Corruption and the provision of health care and education services. In: A.K. Jain (Eds.). The Political Economy of Corruption. London: Routledge, 111-141.
Gupta S., Davoodi H., and Alonso-Terme, R., 2002. Does corruption affect income inequality and poverty? Economics of Governance 3, 23- 45.
Gyimah-Brempong, K., 2002. Corruption, economic growth, and income inequality in Africa. Economics of Governance 3, 183-209.
Habib, M., Zurawicki, L., 2002. Corruption and foreign direct investment. Journal of International Business Studies 33, 291-307.
Hall, R., Jones, C., 1999. Why do some countries produce so much more output per worker than others? Quarterly Journal of Economics 114, 83-116.
Hansen, B.E., 1996. Inference when a nuisance parameter is not identified under the null hypothesis. Econometrica 64, 413-430.
Hansen, B.E., 2000. Sample splitting and threshold estimation. Econometrica 68, 575-603.
Hansson, P., Henrekson, M., 1994. A new framework for testing the effect of government spending on growth and productivity. Public Choice 81, 381-401.
Harms P., Ursprung, H.W., 2002. Do civil and political repression really boost foreign direct investments? Economic Inquiry 40, 651-663.
Hartwig, J., 2010. Is health capital formation good for long-term economic growth? – Panel Granger-causality evidence for OECD countries. Journal of Macroeconomics 32, 314-325.
Hausman, R., Rodrik, D., and Velasco, A., 2008. Growth diagnostics. In: Narcis Serra and Joseph E. Stiglitz (Eds.). The Washington Consensus Reconsidered: Towards a New Global Governance. New York: Oxford University Press.
Hymer, S.H., 1976. The International Operations of National Firms: A Study of Direct Foreign Investment. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press.
Im, K.S., Pesaran, M.H., and Shin, Y., 2003. Testing for unit roots in heterogeneous panels. Journal of Econometrics 115, 53-74.
Irwin, D.A., Tervio, M., 2002. Does trade raise income? evidence from the twentieth century. Journal of International Economics 58, 1-18.
Janeba, E., 2004. Global corporations and local politics: income redistribution vs. FDI subsidies. Journal of Development Economics 74, 367-391.
Jaumotte, F., Lall, S., and Papageorgiou, C., 2008. Rising income inequality: techology, or trade and financial globalization? IMF Working Paper, WP/08/185.
Jensen, N.M., Rosas, G., 2007. Foreign Direct Investment and Income Inequality in Mexico, 1990-2000. International Organization 61, 467-487.
Johnson, S., Kaufmann, D., and Shleifer, A., 1997. The unofficial economy in transition. Brookings Papers on Economic Activity 28, 159-240.
Kaelble, H., Brenner, Y.S., 1991. Income Distribution in Historical Perspective. Cambridge University Press.
Kakwani, N., 1993. Poverty and Economic Growth with Application to Cote d’Ivoire. Review of Income and Wealth 39, 121-139.
Kapetanios, G., Pesaran, M.H., and Yamagata, T., 2011. Panels with nonstationary multifactor error structures. Journal of Econometrics 160, 326-48.
Karras, G., 1996. The optimal government size: Further international evidence on the productivity of government Service. Economic Inquiry 34, 193-203.
Kaufman, D., Kraay, A., 2002. Growth without governance. Economica 3, 169-229.
Knack, S., Keefer, P., 1995. Institutions and economic performance: Cross-country tests using alternative institutional measures. Economics and Politics 7, 207-227.
Knack, S., Keefer, P., 1997. Why don’t poor countries catch up? A cross-national test of an institutional explanation. Economic Inquiry 35, 590-602.
Kneller, R., Bleaney, M.F., and Gemmell, N., 1999. Fiscal policy and growth: Evidence from OECD countries. Journal of Public Economics 74, 171-190.
Konings, J., Murphy, A., 2006. Do multinational enterprises relocate employment to low-wage regions? Evidence from European multinationals. Review of World Economics 142, 267-86.
Kormendi, R.C., Meguire, P., 1986. Government debt, government spending, and private sector behavior: Reply. American Economic Review 76, 1180-1187.
La Porta, R., Lopez-de-Silanes, F., Shleifer, A., and Vishny, R.W., 1998. Law and finance. Journal of Political Economy 106, 1113-1155.
Landau, D., 1983. Government expenditure and economic growth: A cross-country study. Southern Economic Journal 49, 783-792.
Landau, D., 1986. Government and economic growth in less-developed countries: an empirical study for 1960-1980. Economic Development and Cultural Change 35, 35-75.
Lee, E., Vivarelli, M., 2006. The social impact of globalization in the developing countries. International Labour Review 145, 167-184.
Lee, J.E., 2006. Inequality and globalization in Europe. Journal of Policy Modeling 28, 791-796.
Lipset, S.M., 1959. Some social prerequisites for democracy: economic development and political legitimacy. American Political Science Review 53, 69-105.
Lipsey, R.E., 2002. Home and host country effects of FDI. NBER Working Paper 9293.
Liu, D., Li, R., and Wang, Z., 2011. Testing for structural breaks in panel varying coefficient models: with an application to OECD health expenditure. Empirical Economics 40, 95-118.
Mah, J.S., 2003. A note on globalization and income distribution - the case of Korea, 1975-1995. Journal of Asian Economics 14, 157-164.
Mahler, V.A., Jesuit, D.K., and Roscoe, D.D., 1999. Exploring the impact of trade and investment on income inequality. Comparative Political Studies 32, 363-395.
Markusen, J.R., Venables, A.J., 1999. Foreign direct investment as a catalyst for industrial development. European Economic Review 43, 335-356.
Mauro, P., 1998. Corruption and the composition of government expenditure. Journal of Public Economics 69, 263-279.
Mendoza, E., Milesi-Ferretti, G.M., and Asea, P., 1997. On the ineffectiveness of tax policy in altering long run growth: Harberger’s superneutrality conjecture. Journal of Public Economics 66, 99-126.
Milanovic, B., 2003. The two faces of globalization: against globalization as we know it. World Development 31, 667-683.
Mundell, R.A., 1957. International trade and factor mobility. American Economic Review 47, 321-335.
Newey, W., West, K., 1987. A simple, positive semi-definite, heteroskedasticity and autocorrelation consistent coariance matrix. Econometrica, 55, 703-708.
Nissanke, M., Thorbecke, E., 2006. Channels and policy debate in the globalization-inequality-poverty Nexus. World Development 34, 1338-1360.
North, D., 1981. Structure and Change in Economic History. New York: Norton and Co.
North, D., 1990. Institutions, Institutional Change and Economic Performance. Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press.
Oechslin, M., 2009. Creditor protection and the dynamics of the distribution in oligarchic societies. Journal of Economic Growth 14, 313-344.
Owen, A.L., Videras, J., and Davis, L., 2009. Do all countries follow the same growth process? Journal of Economic Growth 14, 265-286.
Parkin, D., Mcguire, A., and Yule, B., 1987. Aggregate health care expenditures and national income. Journal of Health Economics 6, 109-127.
Pedroni, P., 2000. Critical values for cointegration tests in heterogeneous cointegrated panels. Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics 61, 653-670.
Pedroni, P., 2001. Fully modified OLS for heterogeneous cointegrated panels. Advances in Econometrics 15, 93-130.
Pedroni, P., 2004. Panel cointegration: asymptotic and finite sample properties of pooled time series tests with an application to the PPP hypothesis: new results. Econometric Theory 20, 597-627.
Pesaran, M.H., 2004. General diagnostic tests for cross section dependence in panels. Cambridge Working Papers in Economics No. 0435, University of Cambridge.
Pesaran, M.H., 2006. Estimation and inference in large heterogeneous panels with a multifactor error structure. Econometrica 74, 967-1012.
Pesaran, M.H., 2007. A simple panel unit root test in the presence of cross-section dependence. Journal of Applied Econometrics 22, 265-312.
Pesaran, M.H., Smith, R., 1995. Estimating long-run relationships from dynamic heterogeneous panels. Journal of Econometrics 68, 79-113.
Pesaran, M.H., Tosetti, E., 2011. Large panels with common factors and spatial correlations. Journal of Econometrics 161, 182-202.
Persson, T., Tabellini, G., 1994. Is inequality harmful for growth? American Economic Review 84, 600-621.
Pritchett, L., 2003. A toy collection, a socialist star, and a democratic dud? Growth theory, Vietnam, and the Philippines. In: D. Rodrik (Eds.), In Search of Prosperity: Analytical Narratives on Economic Growth. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 123-151.
Qian, Y., 2003. How reform worked in China, in: D. Rodrik (Ed.), In Search of Prosperity: Analytical Narratives on Economic Growth. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 297–333.
Quibria, M.G., 2006. Does governance matter? Yes, No or Maybe: Some evidence from developing Asia. Kyklos 59, 99-114.
Rajkumar, A.S., Swaroop, V., 2008. Public spending and outcomes: Does governance matter? Journal of Development Economics 86, 96-111.
Rajan, R.G., Zingales, L., 2003a. The great reversals: the politics of financial development in the twentieth century. Journal of Financial Economics 69, 5-50.
Rajan, R.G., Zingales, L., 2003b. Saving capitalism from the capitalists: unleashing the power of financial markets to create wealth and spread opportunity. Crown Business, New York.
Ram, R., 1986. Government size and economic growth: A new framework and some evidence from cross-section and time-series data. American Economic Review 76, 191-203.
Rivera, B., Currais, L., 2003. The effect of health investment on growth: a causality analysis. International Advances in Economic Research 9, 313-324.
Rodrik, D., 1997. Democracy and Economic Performance. Harvard University.
Rodrik, D., 1998. Why do more open economies have bigger governments? Journal of Political Economy 106, 997-1032.
Rodrik, D., 2006. Goodbye Washington Consensus, Hello Washington Confusion? A Review of the World Bank’s Economic Growth in the 1990s: Learning from a Decade of Reform. Journal of Economic Literature 44, 973-987.
Rodrik, D., 2012. Why we learn nothing from regressing economic growth on policies. Seoul Journal of Economics 25, 137-151.
Romero-Avila, D., Strauch, R., 2008. Public finances and long-term growth in Europe: Evidence from a panel data analysis. European Journal of Political Economy 24, 172-191.
Romer, C., Romer, D.H., 2007. The macroeconomic effects of tax changes: estimates based on a new measure of fiscal shocks. NBER Working Paper no. 13264.
Saggi, K., 1999. Foreign direct investment, licensing, and incentives for innovation. Review of International Economics 7, 699-714.
Sala-i-Martin, X., Doppelhofer, G., and Miller, R., 2004. Determinants of long-term growth: A Bayesian Averaging of Classical Estimates (BACE) approach. American Economic Review 94, 813-835.
Seldadyo, H., Nugroho, E.P., and de Haan, J., 2007. Governance and growth revisited. Kyklos 60, 279-29.
Slemrod, J., 1995. What do cross-country studies teach about government involvement, prosperity, and economic growth? Brookings Papers on Economic Activity 2, 373-431.
Smarzynska, B., Wei S.J., 2000. Corruption and composition of foreign direct investment. Discussion Paper 2360. World Bank, Washington, DC.
Sonin, K., 2003. Why the rich may favor poor protection of property rights. Journal of Comparative Economics 31, 715-731.
Stulz, R., 2005. Presidential address: the limits of financial globalization. Journal of Finance 60, 1595-1638.
Sylwester, K., 2005. Foreign Direct Investment, Growth and Income Inequality in Less Developed Countries. International Review of Applied Economics 19, 289-300.
Tanzi, V., 1998. Corruption around the world. IMF Staff Papers 45, 559-94.
Tanzi, V., Zee, H.H., 1997. Fiscal policy and long-run growth. IMF Staff Papers 44, 179-209.
Tsai, P.L., 1995. Foreign direct investment and income inequality: further evidence. World Development 23, 469-483.
Turnovsky, S., Fisher, W., 1995. The composition of government expenditure and consequences for macroeconomic performance. Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control 19, 747-786.
van Pottelsberghe, P.B., F. Lichtenberg, F., 2001. Does foreign direct investment transfer technology across borders? Review of Economics and Statistics 83, 490-97.
Wang, J.Y., Blomstrom, M., 1992. Foreign Investment and Technology Transfer: A Simple Model. European Economic Review 36, 137-155.
Wang, K.M., 2011. Health care expenditure and economic growth: quantile panel-type analysis. Economic Modelling 28, 1536-1549.
Wang, M, Wong, C.S., 2009. Foreign direct investment and economic growth: the growth accounting perspective. Economic Inquiry 47, 701-710.
Wei S.J., 2000. How taxing is corruption on international investors? Review of Economics and Statistics 82, 1-11.
Wheeler, D., 1980. Human resource development and economic growth in developing countries: a simultaneous model. World Bank Staff Working Paper 407.
Winters, L.A., Mcculoch, N., and Mckayi, A., 2004. Trade liberalization and poverty: the evidence so far. Journal of Economic Literature 62, 72-115.
Zhang, J., Casagrande, R., 1998. Fertility, growth, and fat-rate taxation for education subsidies. Economics Letters 60, 209-216.
Zhang, X., Zhang, K.H., 2003. How does globalization affect regional inequality within a developing country? Evidence from China. Journal of Development Studies 39, 47-67.

指導教授

徐之強、朱雲鵬、林淑琴(Chih-Chiang Hsu Yun-Peng Chu Shu-Chin Lin)

審核日期

2016-6-22

推文