彈性製造系統下具單向路徑軌道的梯形機器佈置研究

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楊憶川(Yi-Chuan Yang) 查詢紙本館藏

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工業管理研究所

論文名稱

彈性製造系統下具單向路徑軌道的梯形機器佈置研究
(The Research of Ladder Layout with Unidirectional Flow Path in the Flexible Manufacturing System)

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摘要(中)

設施規劃對於工廠的產能與績效有高度的影響，在工廠中可被視為一種策略。在實務當中，彈性製造系統設施佈置相當常見，相較於線性佈置或單一封閉迴圈佈置，梯形佈置之彈性較佳，同時也較開放式佈置容易規劃，因此本研究希望針對梯形佈置建立一套系統化之設計方式，以期有效利用此佈置形式之優勢，達到更有效率之設施佈置規劃。
本研究延續溫奕雲（2009）的「彈性製造系統環境中單向物料路徑梯式設施佈置設計」之研究。研究目的在於建立一套有系統的單向軌道梯式佈置設計方法，提供彈性製造系統環境在物料流動方向有所限制的情況下，建立有規劃的梯型機器佈置，降低物料處理成本，同時維持機器工作時的平衡。
本研究可分為四個方法：（1）機器排序問題：根據機器之間的流量關係，利用流線分析法（FLA，Flow Line Analysis Method）找出機器相對位置（2）禁忌搜尋法（Tabu Search）：改善排列完之初始流線與流量距離；（3）建立梯形佈置（4）建立數學規劃模型：以數學規劃模型找出機器的最佳擺放位置，建構限制式確保求出的可行解是否滿足所有環境佈置之條件。根據此四個方法，發展出兩種不同的研究方法流程，並利用機器數量的多寡配置出兩種實驗環境，互相搭配進行實驗。最後，將實驗結果的結果進行分析與比較，達到機器間總流量距離最小化之目標。

摘要(英)

In the past, most of the research in facility layout was focus on the closed-loop layout and linear layout. There was few study focus on “ladder layout,” even it is also one of the popular layout types in flexible manufacturing system. Therefore, a systematical procedure of building up the ladder layout is proposed in this study, to improve efficient of facility layout.
This study continues the research of “The Design Methodology of Ladder Layout with Unidirectional Flow Path in the Flexible Manufacturing System” by Wen（2009）. The purpose is building up the unidirectional ladder layout systematically. Based on the direction of material flow have been restricted, the flexible manufacturing system will set up the ladder layout to reduce the material handling cost and balance the machine time.
This paper can be divided into four method: (1) Machine sequencing problem: the Flow Line Analysis Method is used to find the relative position of the machine. (2) Tabu Search (3) Establish the ladder layout. (4) Set up a mathematical model.According to the four method, two different research methods flows are developed, and two different experimental environments are configured by using the number of machines, and experiments are carried out with each other. Finally, the experimental results are compared with the results to achieve the goal of minimizing the total flow distance between machines.

關鍵字(中)

★ 設施規劃
★ 彈性製造系統
★ 梯形機器佈置
★ 流線分析法

關鍵字(英)

★ facility layout
★ flexible manufacturing system
★ ladder layout
★ flow line analysis

論文目次

目錄
摘要 ............................................................................................................................................. i
Abstract....................................................................................................................................... ii
目錄 ...........................................................................................................................................iii
圖目錄 ........................................................................................................................................ v
表目錄 ....................................................................................................................................... vi
第一章緒論..............................................................................................................................1
1.1 研究背景與動機.....................................................................................................1
1.2 研究目的.....................................................................................................................4
1.3 研究環境與假設.........................................................................................................4
1.4 研究架構與流程.........................................................................................................5
第二章文獻探討.................................................................................................................6
2.1 設施規劃的方法演進.................................................................................................7
2.1.1 傳統圖解法......................................................................................................8
2.1.2 系統化圖解法..................................................................................................8
2.1.3 數學規劃模式..................................................................................................9
2.1.4 啟發式演算法................................................................................................10
2.1.5 禁忌搜尋法....................................................................................................14
2.2 彈性製造系統之機器佈置.......................................................................................16
2.2.1 機器佈置型態分類........................................................................................16
2.2.2 機器佈置相關文獻探討................................................................................20
第三章研究方法....................................................................................................................23
3.1 方法架構與流程.......................................................................................................23
3.2 流線分析法...............................................................................................................27 3.2.1 流線分析法─Method 6 .................................................................................. 28
3.3 禁忌搜尋法...............................................................................................................32 3.4 建立梯式佈置...........................................................................................................34 3.5 數學規劃模型...........................................................................................................37 3.5.1 數學規劃模型範例 ......................................................................................... 46
第四章實驗設計與分析........................................................................................................49
4.1 實驗環境與假設.......................................................................................................49
4.2 統計分析結果...........................................................................................................52
4.2.1 ANOVA 之前提假設分析 ........................................................................... 52
4.2.2 改善前初始結果之統計分析........................................................................52
4.2.2.1 第一種實驗環境─36台機器.............................................................52
4.2.2.2 第二種實驗環境─18台機器.............................................................54
4.2.2.3 整體實驗環境.....................................................................................56
4.2.2.4 改善前初始結果之統計分析小結.....................................................58
4.2.3 改善後結果之統計分析................................................................................59
4.2.3.1 第一種實驗環境─36台機器.............................................................59
4.2.3.2 第二種實驗環境─18台機器.............................................................61
4.2.3.3 整體實驗環境.....................................................................................62
4.2.3.4 改善後結果之統計分析小結.............................................................67
4.2.4 改善比率之統計分析....................................................................................68
4.2.4.1 第一種實驗環境─36台機器.............................................................68
4.2.4.2 第二種實驗環境─18台機器.............................................................70
4.2.4.3 整體實驗環境.....................................................................................72
4.2.4.4 改善比率之統計分析小結.................................................................74
4.2.5 實驗運行時間................................................................................................75
4.3 實驗步驟計算範例...................................................................................................76
4.3.1 初始流線計算................................................................................................76
4.3.2 方法一實驗....................................................................................................80
4.3.2.1 梯形佈置排列.....................................................................................80
4.3.2.2 數學規劃模型.....................................................................................82
4.3.2.3 禁忌搜尋法改善.................................................................................84
4.3.3 方法二實驗....................................................................................................89
4.3.3.1 禁忌搜尋法改善.................................................................................89
4.3.3.2 梯形佈置排列.....................................................................................93
4.3.3.3 數學規劃模型.....................................................................................95
第五章結論與建議................................................................................................................98 5.1 結論...........................................................................................................................98
5.2 未來研究建議...........................................................................................................99
參考文獻 ................................................................................................................................ 100
附錄 ........................................................................................................................................ 110

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指導教授

何應欽(Ying-Chin Ho)

審核日期

2019-3-25

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