時效性網路下具AVB感知的排程與路由方法之設計

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姓名

劉允成(Yun-Cheng Liu) 查詢紙本館藏

畢業系所

通訊工程學系

論文名稱

時效性網路下具AVB感知的排程與路由方法之設計
(AVB-aware Scheduling and Routing Schemes in Time-Sensitive Networks)

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摘要(中)

隨著物聯網技術的不斷發展，實時通訊應用領域的資料傳輸需求不斷增長。為了應對不同等級資料之間的大量傳輸，越來越多的應用需要實時監控、傳輸和控制數據。在實時通訊系統中，確定性網路延遲、抖動和有效帶寬分配成為必要的要求。為此，IEEE 802.1 TSN 工作組制定了一系列標準，通過時間同步、流量整形、優先級控制等功能實現確定性的實時通訊。
為確保實時流傳輸的確定性，適用的排程方法至關重要。許多研究針對高優先級的控制資料流（control data traffics, CDT）提出了排程算法，隨著路由的重要性不斷提升，相應的研究也開始提出聯合排程與路由的算法。然而，考慮到AVB流的研究相對較少，僅考慮CDT流可能會導致音視訊流（Audio and Video Bridging, AVB）的傳輸延遲增加，無法滿足其實時需求。在真實的應用場景中，各種優先級的資料流都需要在網路上進行傳輸，因此需要考慮更多優先級的資料流。
本研究將AVB流納入考慮，混合了路徑選擇和排程計算，設計了基於基因演算法（Genetic Algorithm, GA）的聯合排程與路由算法與基於禁忌搜尋法（Tabu Search,TS）的聯合排程與路由算法。根據輸入的拓撲和流集合，可以計算出適合的排程和路由方案。本研究的優化目標是最小化AVB 流的最壞情況延遲（worst-case delay），以同時滿足所有流的實時需求並減少AVB 流的延遲。

摘要(英)

With the development of IoT technology, there has been a significant increase in the demand for real-time data transmission in various application domains. To handle the large volume of transmission among different levels of data, more and more applications require real-time monitoring, transmission, and control of data. Consequently, the requirements for deterministic network latency, jitter, and efficient bandwidth allocation in real-time communication systems have also increased. The IEEE 802.1 TSN working group has developed a series of standards to achieve deterministic real-time communication through functionalities such as time synchronization, traffic shaping, and priority control.
An appropriate scheduling method is indispensable to ensure the determinism of real-time flow transmission. Many studies have proposed scheduling algorithms for high-priority Control Data Traffics (CDT), and with the increasing importance of routing, subsequent research has also proposed algorithms for joint scheduling and routing. However, there are relatively fewer studies that consider AVB flows. By solely considering CDT flows, the transmission delay of AVB flows may increase, resulting in the inability to meet their real-time requirements. In real-world application scenarios, it is necessary to transmit data flows of various priorities on the network, thus requiring consideration of flows with multiple priority levels.
This study takes into account AVB flows and designs two methods based on a combination of genetic algorithms and tabu search. These methods incorporate both path selection and scheduling calculations and can determine suitable scheduling and routing solutions based on the input topology and flow set. The optimization objective of this study is to minimize the worst-case delay of AVB flows while simultaneously meeting the real-time requirements of all flows.

關鍵字(中)

★ 時效性網路
★ 排程
★ 路徑分配
★ 基因演算法
★ 禁忌搜尋法

關鍵字(英)

論文目次

摘要 i
Abstract ii
致謝 iii
圖目錄 v
表目錄 vii
1 簡介 1
1.1 前言. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.2 研究動機. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
2 研究背景及文獻探討 4
2.1 時效性網路機制簡介. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
2.1.1 時間感知整流器(Time-Aware Shaper, TAS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
2.1.2 基於信用的整流器(Credit-based Shaper, CBS) . . . . . . . . . . . 8
2.2 相關文獻探討. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
2.2.1 路由問題. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
2.2.2 排程問題. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
2.2.3 聯合排程與路由問題. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
3 系統架構 14
3.1 時效性網路架構. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
3.2 問題定義. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
3.3 排程限制. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
4 方法設計 19
4.1 基於基因演算法之路由與排程計算. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
4.1.1 染色體編碼. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
4.1.2 初始族群. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
4.1.3 適應值計算. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
4.1.4 選擇. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
4.1.5 交叉. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
4.1.6 突變. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
4.2 排程方法. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
4.2.1 傳輸偏移. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
4.2.2 壓縮. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
4.3 基於禁忌搜尋法之路由與排程計算. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
4.3.1 起始解. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
4.3.2 鄰域搜尋. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
4.3.3 路徑分配. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
5 實驗結果與分析 52
5.1 實驗環境. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
5.2 實驗結果. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
5.2.1 延遲比較. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
5.2.2 收斂比較. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
6 結論與未來展望 64
參考文獻 65

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指導教授

胡誌麟

審核日期

2023-8-14

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