https://ir.lib.ncu.edu.tw/handle/987654321/179 Search the Channel s https://ir.lib.ncu.edu.tw/simple-search https://ir.lib.ncu.edu.tw/handle/987654321/110794 title: 臺灣勞工主職之外的兼差決策：地方景氣與低度就業的影響;臺灣勞工主職之外的兼差決策：地方景氣與低度就業的影響 abstract: 近年來，主職之外的兼職與額外工作安排逐漸受到關注。第二工作反映勞工對勞動供給與工作配置的調整，其形成除與補充所得需求有關外，也可能受到地方景氣與主職工作條件影響。本文以臺灣全時受僱勞工為研究對象，使用2010至2022年「家庭動態調查」資料，串接縣市失業率等景氣指標，並將低度就業區分為收入型與技能型，採隨機效果Probit模型檢驗其對第二工作參與的影響。 實證結果顯示，失業率上升會顯著降低第二工作參與機率，說明第二工作較接近順景氣循環；但改以地方就業成長率衡量時則未呈一致。低度就業方面，收入型低度就業與第二工作參與呈顯著正向關聯，且此效果在不同群體間有所差異，例如在已婚男性與非六都樣本中較為明確；相較之下，技能型低度就業在整體樣本與多數分群皆未呈現顯著影響，僅在碩博學歷且對工作較不滿意者呈正向結果。故第二工作不宜直接視為勞動市場惡化或經濟弱勢的指標，而應結合地方景氣、主職條件及群體差異判斷。對於因主職收入不足而從事第二工作的勞工，政策應改善主職條件與職涯發展，例如提供職能培訓、職涯諮詢及就業媒合；對於地方工作機會有限，如非六都地區，可強化就業服務，並提供具勞動保障的兼職職缺資訊。;In recent years， second jobs and other forms of additional employment have received increasing attention. Holding a second job reflects how workers adjust their labor supply and work arrangements. Such decisions may be related not only to the need to supplement income but also to local economic conditions and primary-job characteristics. This study focuses on full-time employees in Taiwan and uses data from the Panel Study of Family Dynamics from 2010 to 2022. The individual-level data are linked with local economic indicators， including local unemployment rates. The analysis distinguishes between income-based and skill-based underemployment and employs a random-effects probit model to examine how local economic conditions and underemployment affect second-job participation. The empirical results show that a higher local unemployment rate significantly reduces the probability of holding a second job， suggesting that second-job participation tends to be procyclical. However， the results are not consistent when local employment growth is used instead. Regarding underemployment， income-based underemployment is significantly and positively associated with second-job participation， with the relationship particularly evident among married men and workers residing outside Taiwan’s six special municipalities. By contrast， skill-based underemployment is not significantly associated with second-job participation in the overall sample or in most subgroup analyses. A positive relationship appears only among workers with master’s or doctoral degrees who report low job satisfaction. These findings suggest that holding a second job should not be viewed simply as an indicator of labor market deterioration or economic disadvantage. Instead， it should be considered alongside local economic conditions， primary-job characteristics， and differences across worker groups. For workers who take on a second job to make up for insufficient income from their primary job， policy measures should focus on improving primary-job conditions and career development opportunities， such as providing skills training， career counseling， and job-matching services. Where job opportunities are limited， such as the non-special municipalities， employment services should be strengthened， and information on part-time jobs that provide basic labor protections should be made more accessible. <br> Tue, 20 Oct 2026 08:26:08 GMT https://ir.lib.ncu.edu.tw/handle/987654321/110790 title: Climate Policy and Energy Transition in Taiwan: A Dual-Energy DSGE Approach;Climate Policy and Energy Transition in Taiwan: A Dual-Energy DSGE Approach abstract: 本文建立一個雙能源部門動態隨機一般均衡模型，評估台灣氣候政策之總體經濟與福利意涵。透過納入跨期減碳資本與環境偏好之設定，本文分析在不同財政政策與綠能基礎建設占比下，外生衝擊之傳導機制。研究結果顯示出若將碳稅收入專款專用於綠能補貼，將形成順循環之財政限制，導致氣候轉型資金於能源危機期間急遽緊縮；反之，採行統籌分配制度或擴增綠能基礎建設，則能有效提升總體經濟韌性。此外，福利評估顯示，台灣現行碳費費率遠低於社會最適水準；在具文獻支持之環境偏好設定下，提高碳稅可使總體福利呈單調遞增。即使假設大眾對環境品質幾近漠不關心之極端情境下，理論最適稅率仍顯著高於現行碳費費率。為提升台灣能源的結構韌性，需採行更嚴格的碳定價機制，並將綠能補貼與碳費收入脫鉤。;This paper develops a dual-energy DSGE model to evaluate the macroeconomic and welfare implications of Taiwan′s climate policies. Incorporating intertemporal abatement capital and environmental preferences， we analyze how shocks propagate under distinct fiscal rules and green infrastructure capacities. Our analysis reveals a critical vulnerability: earmarking carbon tax revenues exclusively for green subsidies creates a pro-cyclical fiscal constraint， causing climate funding to contract sharply during energy crises. Conversely， adopting a consolidated budget or expanding green infrastructure enhances macroeconomic resilience. Furthermore， welfare evaluations demonstrate that Taiwan′s current carbon fee is substantially below the social optimum. Raising the carbon tax yields monotonically increasing aggregate welfare under literature-supported environmental preferences. Crucially， even under counterfactual assumptions of near-total public indifference， the theoretical optimal tax remains significantly higher than the current carbon fee rate. Achieving structural energy resilience requires stricter carbon pricing and shielding renewable subsidies from volatile pollution revenues. <br> Tue, 20 Oct 2026 08:25:34 GMT https://ir.lib.ncu.edu.tw/handle/987654321/110786 title: 健康資本與延後退修政策：韓國中高齡勞動參與決策之研究;Health Capital and Delayed Retirement Policy: A Study on Labor Force Participation Decisions among Middle-Aged and Older Workers in Korea abstract: 隨著人口高齡化與少子化加劇，延長中高齡勞工勞動參與已成為重要議題。本研究主要關注於心理健康對於中高齡勞動參與決策之影響，同時探討其延後退休政策是否實質影響其中高齡的勞動力。本文使用韓國高齡化縱貫研究（KLoSA）2014、2016及2018年資料，採probit模型，探討50至70歲健康因素對中高齡勞工勞動參與之影響，希望對台灣相關政策之擬定具啟發性。韓國延後退休政策效果則利用分階段實施之制度特性，其中第一階段主要適用於大企業，第二階段則進一步擴大至中小企業，分析其對勞動參與、工時與薪資之影響。研究結果顯示，負向心理因素及高致殘性疾病會降低勞動參與，正向心理因素則有助於持續就業的意願，顯示心理狀態不同對勞動參與具有獨立效果。政策方面，第一階段未顯著影響勞動參與，但工時與薪資有所調整；第二階段呈顯著負向影響勞動參與，不過工時及薪資卻沒有顯著影響，雖然在長期之下可觀察到顯著的效果，表明政策及配套措施的實施效果因企業規模而有所差異。因此，本文建議政府對於中高齡勞工可加強政府對於企業的規範，並提供健康諮詢，同時完善工時與薪資的配套措施，以達到延後退休、增加勞動力的政策目標。;As population aging and declining birth rates intensify， extending the labor force participation of middle-aged and older workers has become an important issue. This study examines the effects of mental health on labor force participation among individuals aged 50 to 70， using data from the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging (KLoSA) for 2014， 2016， and 2018 and applying a probit model. It also analyzes the effects of Korea’s delayed retirement policy on labor force participation， working hours， and wages by exploiting its phased implementation: the first stage mainly applied to large firms， while the second stage expanded to small and medium-sized enterprises. The results show that negative psychological factors and highly disabling diseases reduce labor force participation， whereas positive psychological factors increase the willingness to remain employed. Regarding policy effects， the first stage does not significantly affect labor force participation， although working hours and wages are adjusted. In contrast， the second stage has a significantly negative effect on labor force participation， while its effects on working hours and wages are insignificant in the short run but become significant in the long run. These findings suggest that the effectiveness of delayed retirement policies depends on firm-level implementation and supporting measures. Therefore， this study suggests strengthening regulations on firms， providing health consultation services， and improving working-hour and wage-related measures to achieve the policy goals of delayed retirement and increased labor supply. <br> Tue, 20 Oct 2026 08:25:20 GMT https://ir.lib.ncu.edu.tw/handle/987654321/110782 title: 以主成分分析建構房地產景氣指標之研究:台灣區域市場之實證分析;Constructing Real Estate Business Cycle Indicators via Principal Component Analysis: An Empirical Study of Taiwan′s Regional Markets abstract: 本研究以 2013 年 1 月至 2025 年 12 月之月資料，將台灣房地產市場劃分為北部、中部與南部，選取總體與區域供需、金融及市場預期等變數，透過主成分分析建構區域房地產景氣指標，並轉換為景氣燈號。實證結果顯示，三區景氣具有共同循環趨勢，但波動幅度與政策反應存在差異。升息政策對北部與南部景氣具短期負向影響，新青安政策則對三區產生短期正向效果，但效果隨時間遞減。另以 SARIMA 模型進行預測，結果顯示本研究建構之指標具一定預測能力，可作為判斷區域房市景氣與政策效果之參考。;This study uses monthly data from January 2013 to December 2025 to construct regional real estate business cycle indicators for Taiwan. The housing market is divided into northern， central， and southern regions. Variables related to macroeconomic conditions， regional supply and demand， financial factors， and market expectations are selected and integrated through principal component analysis. The resulting indicators are further transformed into a signallight system to improve interpretability. The empirical results show that the three regions share a common cyclical pattern but differ in fluctuation magnitude and policy responses. The interest rate hikes had short-term negative effects on the real estate markets in northern and southern Taiwan， while the response in central Taiwan was relatively mild. In contrast， the New Qing-A Housing Loan Program generated positive short-term effects in all three regions， but these effects gradually weakened over time. In addition， the SARIMA forecasting results indicate that the constructed indicators possess a certain degree of predictive ability. Overall， the indicators developed in this study provide useful references for evaluating regional housing market conditions and policy effects in Taiwan. <br> Tue, 20 Oct 2026 08:25:15 GMT