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除鼠遺患：臺灣農業鼠害防治的歷史考察（1924-2018）;除鼠遺患：臺灣農業鼠害防治的歷史考察（1924-2018）

Tue, 20 Oct 2026 09:11:41 GMT

title: 除鼠遺患：臺灣農業鼠害防治的歷史考察（1924-2018）;除鼠遺患：臺灣農業鼠害防治的歷史考察（1924-2018） abstract: 農業鼠害，專指野鼠透過啃食、踐踏與排泄等行為造成農業經濟損失的現象。而政府治理鼠害問題，需有相應的政治、經濟與社會條件支撐，故研究鼠害防治既是見證農業發展的縮影，亦是觀察國家治理的窗口。臺灣環境適宜野鼠生存，理應長期深受鼠害困擾，但在日治時期以前卻鮮少鼠害治理的紀錄，這顯示鼠害治理的開端，與近代以來農業環境的變遷密不可分。本文認為，對鼠害防治進行分析，不僅可探究其內部的知識、技術、經驗與制度更迭，更可作為考察不同時期臺灣政治、經濟與社會變遷的例證。日治時期的農事改良措施，意外打破了自然環境對野鼠的族群調節，使鼠害成為不容忽視的農業災害。為此，總督府轄下的研究機構開始對野鼠展開調查，並透過與糖廠合作共同開發防治對策。然而，受臺灣產業結構與殖民地處境影響，當時的防治重心卻高度偏重於蔗園。直至太平洋戰爭爆發，日本政府為因應糧食增產壓力，才首度以官方力量將防治推展至一般農地，並透過保甲系統與獎懲制度動員農民防治鼠害，為臺灣早期的防治知識與動員經驗奠定基礎。戰後初期，面對政治、經濟與社會層面的農業增產需求，政府結合了日治時期的經驗與美方的技術資源，打造出一套行之有效的防治體系。然而，這套應急性質的體系過度依賴殺鼠靈這項關鍵技術，且其動員制度與組織架構亦存在侷限。隨著1970年代的經濟重心轉移，以保護農業經濟為基礎的防治動機逐漸衰退，使防治體系的存續面臨挑戰。不過，防治的推動驅力悄然由國家需求轉向民意政治，為陷入困境的體系爭取了延續的契機。 1980-2010年代，在臺灣農業持續衰退的情況下，鼠害防治的效益開始受到挑戰。然而，在民意政治與公衛防疫需求的雙重壓力下，政府持續主導防治工作長達數十年之久。值得注意的是，為克服殺鼠靈的抗藥性，官方引入第二代抗凝血型殺鼠劑，卻因此造成黑鳶等猛禽與野生動物二次中毒而大量死亡。在生態保育倡議與科學實證的推動下，這項橫跨世紀的防治工程於2018年宣告終止。綜觀百年歷程，鼠害防治從研究偏向、體系建構、延續與終結，皆深刻反映了政治、經濟與社會情勢的形塑作用。;Agricultural rat damage refers to crop losses caused by rats inhabiting farming environments through gnawing， trampling， and contamination. Since the implementation of rat control relies on specific political， economic， and social conditions， studying this issue serves not only as a microcosm of agricultural development but also as a window into state governance. Taiwan′s environment is highly suitable for field rats， meaning it should have historically suffered from severe rat damage. However， records of rat control prior to the Japanese colonial period are rare， indicating that the emergence of this issue is closely tied to the transformation of modern agricultural environments. This paper argues that analyzing rat control reveals not only the internal evolution of knowledge， technology， experience， and institutions but also serves as a case study for examining Taiwan′s political， economic， and social transformations across different periods. Agricultural improvement measures during the Japanese colonial period inadvertently disrupted the natural environmental regulation of field rat populations， turning rat damage into an agricultural disaster that could no longer be ignored. In response， research institutions under the Governor-General′s Office began investigating field rats and collaborating with sugar factories to develop control strategies. However， shaped by Taiwan′s industrial structure and colonial status， early control efforts heavily favored sugarcane fields. It was not until the outbreak of the Pacific War， driven by the pressure to increase food production， that the Japanese colonial government officially expanded control efforts to general farmlands. By mobilizing farmers through the Baojia system and reward-and-punishment mechanisms， the government laid the foundation for Taiwan′s early control knowledge and mobilization experience. In the early postwar period， facing political， economic， and social demands for increased agricultural production， the government integrated Japanese colonial experience with American technical resources to establish an effective control system. However， this emergency-oriented system relied excessively on the raticide Warfarin as a key technology， and its mobilization institutions and organizational structures had inherent limitations. With the shift in economic focus in the 1970s， the original motivation to protect the agricultural economy gradually waned， challenging the survival of the control system. Nevertheless， the driving force behind these control efforts quietly shifted from state needs to public opinion， providing the struggling system with an opportunity to continue. From the 1980s to the 2010s， against the backdrop of Taiwan′s continuous agricultural decline， the cost-effectiveness of rat control began to be challenged. Yet， under the dual pressures of public opinion and public health needs， the government continued to lead control efforts for decades. Notably， to overcome the rats′ resistance to Warfarin， authorities introduced second-generation anticoagulant raticides. This， however， resulted in mass deaths of black kites， other raptors， and wild animals due to secondary poisoning. Propelled by ecological conservation advocacy and scientific evidence， this century-spanning control project was officially terminated in 2018. Looking back over the past century， every phase of rat control—from its research bias and system construction to its continuation and termination—profoundly reflects the shaping power of political， economic， and social circumstances.

從《臺灣日日新報》看北投溫泉的觀光推廣與大眾印象;從《臺灣日日新報》看北投溫泉的觀光推廣與大眾印象

Tue, 20 Oct 2026 09:11:26 GMT

title: 從《臺灣日日新報》看北投溫泉的觀光推廣與大眾印象;從《臺灣日日新報》看北投溫泉的觀光推廣與大眾印象 abstract: 本研究以日治時期北投溫泉觀光推廣與大眾印象為研究對象首先探討北投溫泉形成的自然環境背景，以及荷西時期、清代至日治時期的發展脈絡，分析北投如何由地方性溫泉與地熱資源地轉變為臺灣代表性觀光溫泉。其次透過《臺灣日日新報》、鐵道部出版品、官方統計資料及旅人遊記等史料，考察殖民政府、鐵道部、醫學界與地方業者如何透過療養效能宣傳、交通優惠措施、報刊媒體報導及觀光設施建設等方式，共同塑造北投溫泉的正面形象，吸引大量旅客前往遊憩。然而，北投溫泉的繁榮發展亦伴隨諸多問題。本文進一步探討觀光發展過程中所衍生的負面現象，包括鼠疫、霍亂、瘧疾等傳染病威脅、飲用水與公共衛生問題，以及混浴、偷拍、娼妓管理等社會風紀爭議。北投溫泉之所以能成為日治時期臺灣最具代表性的溫泉觀光地區之一，不僅有賴於其天然溫泉資源，更與鐵道交通建設、政府政策支持、醫學知識傳播及觀光宣傳密切相關。同時，觀光發展所衍生的公共衛生與社會問題，也反映出殖民地現代化進程中的矛盾與挑戰。透過北投溫泉的個案研究，本文得以呈現日治時期臺灣觀光事業發展的特色，以及殖民統治下大眾對於北投溫泉印象的歷史樣貌。;This study examines the promotion of tourism and public perceptions of Beitou Hot Springs during the Japanese colonial period in Taiwan. It first explores the natural environmental background that gave rise to the hot springs and traces their historical development from the Dutch and Spanish period， through the Qing dynasty， to the Japanese colonial era. The study analyzes how Beitou transformed from a local hot spring and geothermal resource area into one of Taiwan’s most representative tourist hot spring destinations. Drawing upon historical sources such as the Taiwan Nichinichi Shinpo (Taiwan Daily News)， publications of the Railway Department， official statistical records， and travelers’ accounts， this research investigates how the colonial government， the Railway Department， the medical community， and local business operators jointly shaped the positive image of Beitou Hot Springs. Through the promotion of therapeutic benefits， transportation discount programs， newspaper and media coverage， and the construction of tourism facilities， these groups successfully attracted large numbers of visitors to the area. However， the prosperity of Beitou Hot Springs was accompanied by various social and public health problems. This study further explores the negative phenomena that emerged during the development of tourism， including threats posed by infectious diseases such as plague， cholera， and malaria， issues concerning drinking water quality and public sanitation， as well as social controversies related to mixed bathing， voyeurism， and the regulation of prostitution. The rise of Beitou as one of the most representative hot spring tourism destinations in colonial Taiwan was attributable not only to its abundant natural hot spring resources， but also to the development of railway transportation， government support， the dissemination of medical knowledge， and extensive tourism promotion. At the same time， the public health and social issues generated by tourism development reflected the contradictions and challenges inherent in the colonial modernization process. Through a case study of Beitou Hot Springs， this research highlights the characteristics of tourism development in colonial Taiwan and reveals the historical image and public perceptions of Beitou Hot Springs under Japanese colonial rule.

從人力輕便軌道到都市空間遺構：中壢線與中壢城市道路紋理的形成與變遷（1904–2020）;From Lightweight Rail Transit to Urban Spatial Relics: The Formation and Evolution of the Zhongli Line and the Urban Road Texture of Zhongli (1904–2020)

Tue, 20 Oct 2026 09:11:03 GMT

title: 從人力輕便軌道到都市空間遺構：中壢線與中壢城市道路紋理的形成與變遷（1904–2020）;From Lightweight Rail Transit to Urban Spatial Relics: The Formation and Evolution of the Zhongli Line and the Urban Road Texture of Zhongli (1904–2020) abstract: 本研究以日治時期桃園軌道株式會社與中壢軌道株式會社所經營之中壢線為核心，探討人力輕便軌道對中壢交通發展與都市空間變遷的影響。清代中壢道路狹窄、交通條件有限，至日治初期因米穀、茶葉等物產運輸需求，以及殖民政府對地方交通的制度規範，人力輕便軌道逐漸成為中壢近代交通建設的重要起點。本文透過日治時期地圖、戰後地形圖、都市計畫圖與當代道路圖資之對照，分析中壢線自1904年至2020年間的空間延續與轉化。研究發現，人力輕便軌道不僅具有產業運輸功能，其路線亦成為中壢早期現代道路的基礎。1938年軌道拆除後，部分舊線並未完全消失，而是在戰後道路化、市街擴張與工業發展過程中，以道路、巷弄或交通廊帶的形式延續下來。然而，這些由輕便軌道轉化而來的道路，也因原有線型曲折、路幅狹窄與土地使用變化，逐漸形成今日中壢市區不規則街廓與交通瓶頸的一部分。本文進一步指出，當代桃園捷運綠線延伸中壢段，某種程度上重新回應了中壢長期以來的交通廊帶需求，使日治時期地方交通建設與當代大眾運輸規劃產生歷史連結。透過中壢線個案，本文說明人力輕便軌道雖已退出歷史舞臺，卻仍透過道路紋理、街廓形態與都市交通結構，持續影響中壢城市發展。本文期望藉此補充日治地方交通史與都市空間史之間的討論，並提供理解當代中壢交通問題的歷史視角。;This thesis examines the influence of push-car railways on the transportation development and urban transformation of Chungli， focusing on the Chungli lines operated during the Japanese colonial period. In early twentieth-century Chungli， the demand for transporting rice， tea， and other local products made push-car railways an important basis of modern local transportation. By comparing historical maps， topographic maps， urban planning maps， and contemporary road maps， this study traces the spatial transformation of the Chungli lines from 1904 to 2020. The research shows that the push-car railway was not only a tool for industrial transportation， but also formed the foundation of Chungli’s early modern road system. After the tracks were removed in 1938， some former railway routes were transformed into roads， lanes， or transportation corridors during postwar urban expansion and industrial development. This thesis argues that the spatial legacy of the push-car railway remains visible in Chungli’s road patterns， block forms， and traffic structure. Although the railway itself has disappeared， its routes continued to shape the city’s development and limitations. Through the case of the Chungli lines， this study connects local transportation history with urban spatial history， and provides a historical perspective for understanding contemporary transportation issues in Chungli. Keywords： lightweight rail system， Zhongli Line， Taoyuan Rail Transit Corporation， Zhongli Rail Transit Corporation， urban space

民國學人的美日歐留學生活研究—以胡適、郭沫若、傅斯年的書信為例(1910s-1920s);民國學人的美日歐留學生活研究—以胡適、郭沫若、傅斯年的書信為例(1910s-1920s)

Tue, 20 Oct 2026 09:10:45 GMT

title: 民國學人的美日歐留學生活研究—以胡適、郭沫若、傅斯年的書信為例(1910s-1920s);民國學人的美日歐留學生活研究—以胡適、郭沫若、傅斯年的書信為例(1910s-1920s) abstract: 1905年清政府廢除科舉，建設新式學堂教授西學，並陸續與各國簽訂留學政策，使中國形成一股留學風潮。胡適、郭沫若、傅斯年投身加入留學生的行列，胡適留美、郭沫若留日、傅斯年留歐，他們三人留學的國家以及留學生活都是當時中國留學生群體的縮影，他們因國家政策轉向而從傳統知識份子轉成留學生，藉由他們與親友往來的書信得以讓人一窺留學群體的生活面向。以微觀來看，他們以當時社會風氣——實業救國，不約而同地選擇理科，後來則因個人興趣而有所轉向。在異國他鄉求學，校園的生活環境、閒暇時刻的娛樂方式、郊遊、思念遠方親友皆藉由魚雁往返傳遞情感，他們在留學國的人際往來亦可藉由書信來了解。以宏觀來看，這三位都是以官費留學生的身分到他國留學，因此，能否按時領取官費以及官費的運用也深刻影響留學生。官費背後的運作與國家和國際政局是否穩定有關，因此，在書信中三人除了各自提到如何運用官費、官費是否寄達，其生活狀態有無影響之外，他們也多半留意中國國內政治以及國際局勢動向，由此可知，留學生與整體社會環境與政治局勢密不可分。留學生的生活面向以及其關心的議題藉由同一時期三位留學於不同國家的留學生——胡適、郭沫若、傅斯年展開。;After the Qing government abolished the imperial examination system in 1905 and promoted Western-style education， a wave of overseas study emerged in China. Hu Shih， Guo Moruo， and Fu Ssu-nien—government-sponsored students in the United States， Japan， and Europe—embodied this broader trend. Their letters to family and friends offer a window into the daily lives of early Chinese students abroad. On a personal level， all three initially chose scientific fields in response to the era’s emphasis on strengthening the nation through practical knowledge， later shifting their interests over time. Their correspondence reveals details of campus life， leisure activities， social interactions， and emotional ties maintained through writing. On a broader level， their experiences were closely shaped by the stability of government funding， which was itself influenced by domestic politics and international conditions. Their letters show concern not only for their stipends but also for China’s political situation and global affairs， demonstrating the close link between overseas students and the wider sociopolitical environment.