DSpace collection: 博碩士論文

碳養護對再生骨材混凝土添加焚化底渣之工程性質研究;碳養護對再生骨材混凝土添加焚化底渣之工程性質研究

Tue, 20 Oct 2026 09:32:55 GMT

title: 碳養護對再生骨材混凝土添加焚化底渣之工程性質研究;碳養護對再生骨材混凝土添加焚化底渣之工程性質研究 abstract: 隨著全球暖化問題日益嚴重，如何降低水泥產業所造成之二氧化碳排放已成為重要課題。本研究結合二氧化碳加速養護技術與焚化底渣再利用，以探討其對混凝土工程性質及碳封存能力之影響。研究中以焚化底渣分別取代25%及50%之細粒料，並進行二氧化碳加速養護，觀察其抗壓強度與應力應變行為、彈性模數、中性化深度、碳酸鈣生成情形及鋼筋混凝土構件受拉力行為。結果顯示，碳養護可有效提升混凝土早期強度。於7天齡期時，未添加底渣之混凝土抗壓強度提升約17.3%，25%及50%底渣取代組分別提升約6.9%及23.9%；至28天齡期具有2%及8.9%之強度增益，表示碳養護主要有助於早期強度發展。另一方面，底渣之取代率增加會造成抗壓強度下降，其中以25%取代組較能維持較佳力學性能，而50%取代組強度下降較為明顯。以本研究取代底渣之N0%與C0%而言，碳養護有助於提升混凝土之彈性模數，然而底渣成分品質不穩定關係，其取代率增加容易使彈性模數降低。本研究亦採用常用混凝土抗壓之應力應變曲線Popovics模型以量測數據作曲線擬合(curve fitting)分析，Collins 採用之修正過的popovics 模型相較原Popovics 模型更能有效擬合試驗曲線。其中0~?

氣候變遷下坪頂古圳灌區耕種策略調整對緩解灌溉缺水之效益分析;氣候變遷下坪頂古圳灌區耕種策略調整對緩解灌溉缺水之效益分析

Tue, 20 Oct 2026 09:13:28 GMT

title: 氣候變遷下坪頂古圳灌區耕種策略調整對緩解灌溉缺水之效益分析;氣候變遷下坪頂古圳灌區耕種策略調整對緩解灌溉缺水之效益分析 abstract: 本研究以臺北市士林區坪頂古圳灌區為研究對象，探討氣候變遷下耕種策略調整對緩解灌溉缺水之效益。坪頂古圳灌區屬川流式引水系統，主要仰賴上游溪流及既有圳路供水，且缺乏大型蓄水設施，因此灌溉供水能力易受降雨變化與枯水期低流量影響。本研究結合臺灣氣候變遷推估資訊與調適知識平台（TCCIP）AR6氣候推估資料、GWLF水文概念、HEC-RAS圳路最大通水能力分析及Vensim系統動力學模式，建立逐日灌溉供需模擬架構。本研究將灌區劃分為七個田區，整合水源流量、圳路限制、輸水損失、田區供排水路徑及灌溉需水量，逐日計算各田區可供水量與灌溉需水量之差異。當供需平衡結果小於零時判定為缺水日，並統計缺水日數、最大連續缺水日數、缺水量及年度缺水頻率；當年度缺水頻率達0.30以上時，定義該年度為嚴重灌溉缺水年，並計算各田區之嚴重灌溉缺水年發生機率 P及重現期距 T。結果顯示，未來氣候情境下各田區之灌溉缺水風險具有明顯差異，其中SSP3-7.0情境下田區4、田區5及田區6為主要關注田區。田區4主要受到有效灌溉面積較大及灌溉需水量較高影響；田區5之較高風險與其位於登峰圳供水路徑下游、登峰圳分流比例及上游取水時序有關；田區6則受到較高需水負荷、登峰圳分流及內雙溪補充條件共同影響。本研究進一步以SSP3-7.0未調適情境下各田區之嚴重灌溉缺水年發生機率 P作為風險分級依據，建立S1風險導向差異化面積調整、S2等總量等比例面積調整及S3馬鈴薯轉作情境。結果顯示，在全區有效灌溉面積及灌溉需水量均減少25.48%的相同條件下，S1使田區4、田區5及田區6皆由第4級降為第2級，S2則使三個田區由第4級降為第3級。S3-30在不減少有效灌溉面積之條件下，將目標田區30%的原概化作物種植面積轉為馬鈴薯，使田區4及田區6由第4級降為第3級，田區5則維持第4級。研究成果可作為傳統川流式灌區進行需水端調適與風險導向資源配置之參考。; This study investigates the effectiveness of cropping strategy adjustments in mitigating irrigation water shortages under climate change in the Pingding Canal Irrigation District， located in Shilin District， Taipei City. The irrigation district is a run-of-river diversion system that relies primarily on upstream streamflow and existing irrigation canals. Owing to the absence of large-scale water storage facilities， its irrigation water supply is susceptible to changes in rainfall and low-flow conditions during the dry season. This study integrates climate projection data from the Taiwan Climate Change Projection Information and Adaptation Knowledge Platform (TCCIP) under the Sixth Assessment Report (AR6)， the hydrological concepts of the Generalized Watershed Loading Functions (GWLF) model， an analysis of the maximum conveyance capacities of irrigation canals using HEC-RAS， and a system dynamics model developed in Vensim to establish a daily irrigation water supply–demand simulation framework. The irrigation district was divided into seven fields. Water-source discharge， canal conveyance constraints， conveyance losses， field-level water supply and drainage pathways， and irrigation water requirements were incorporated to calculate the daily difference between available water supply and irrigation demand for each field. A day was defined as a water-shortage day when the water balance was negative. The number of water-shortage days， maximum consecutive water-shortage days， water-shortage volume， and annual water-shortage frequency were subsequently calculated. A year with an annual water-shortage frequency of 0.30 or greater was defined as a severe irrigation water-shortage year. The occurrence probability ?

基於二相流理論之調諧顆粒阻尼器於鐵路系統與鋼筋混凝土結構之減振效能研究;Vibration Control Performance of Tuned Particle Dampers Based on Two-Phase Flow Theory for Railway Systems and Reinforced Concrete Structures

Tue, 20 Oct 2026 07:04:19 GMT

title: 基於二相流理論之調諧顆粒阻尼器於鐵路系統與鋼筋混凝土結構之減振效能研究;Vibration Control Performance of Tuned Particle Dampers Based on Two-Phase Flow Theory for Railway Systems and Reinforced Concrete Structures abstract: 結構物於服役期間易受交通荷載、地震及其他外部激振作用而產生異常振動，影響使用舒適性與安全性，並可能加速構件疲勞與劣化。由於不同結構之動態特性與振動頻率差異顯著，發展具廣泛適用性與良好減振性能之被動控制裝置為重要課題。相較於頻率失調敏感且有效頻帶較窄的傳統調諧質量阻尼器（Tuned Mass Damper， TMD），顆粒阻尼器（Particle Damper， PD）可藉由顆粒碰撞與摩擦耗散能量，具有結構簡單及寬頻減振等優點。然而，其高度非線性運動使阻尼機制與參數影響難以透過傳統線性模型描述。因此，本研究提出基於二相流理論之調諧顆粒阻尼器（Tuned Particle Damper， TPD）分析與最佳化設計方法，並探討其於高頻軌道系統及低頻鋼筋混凝土結構之振動控制性能。本研究建立考量矩形腔體幾何特性之 TPD 非線性等效阻尼模型，以描述顆粒碰撞與摩擦耗能，並建立由主結構、TPD 外殼及等效顆粒質量組成之三自由度動力模型。透過 CHN60 鋼軌衝擊試驗資料進行系統識別與數值驗證，結果顯示模型能有效反映顆粒介質之非線性耗能特性，且數值分析與實驗量測具有良好一致性。進一步針對 TPD 設計參數進行系統性分析與比較，探討顆粒特性、填充率、質量比、頻率比、激振條件及腔體配置對等效阻尼與減振性能之影響，並透過敏感度、能量耗散及參數交互作用分析，釐清各設計變數之影響與耦合關係。結果顯示，TPD 控制性能並非由單一參數決定，且較大的等效阻尼亦不必然對應較佳的整體減振效果。因此，進一步採用性能指標進行最佳化分析，以辨識具較佳控制效果之 TPD參數組合。最後，本研究將二相流等效阻尼模型應用於考慮非線性降伏行為之鋼筋混凝土（RC）柱，透過地震歷時分析搜尋最佳 TPD 設計參數，並比較加裝前後之位移、加速度及遲滯反應。結果顯示，經適當最佳化之 TPD 可有效降低特定地震輸入下之結構振動響應，其控制效能受到地震特性、結構非線性行為及 TPD 參數配置之共同影響。綜合高頻軌道系統與低頻 RC 結構之分析，本研究驗證了 TPD 於不同動態特性結構中的應用可行性，並為其參數分析、最佳化設計及土木工程結構振動控制提供參考。;Civil engineering structures are susceptible to abnormal vibrations induced by traffic loads， earthquakes， and other external excitations， which may impair serviceability and safety and accelerate structural deterioration. Because structures exhibit widely different dynamic characteristics and vibration frequencies， developing passive control devices with broad applicability remains challenging. Compared with conventional tuned mass dampers (TMDs)， which are sensitive to frequency detuning and generally effective within a narrow frequency range， particle dampers (PDs) dissipate energy through particle collisions and friction and offer structural simplicity and broadband vibration mitigation. However， their highly nonlinear particle motion makes the damping mechanism and parameter effects difficult to describe using conventional linear models. This study therefore proposes an analysis and optimal design methodology for tuned particle dampers (TPDs) based on two-phase flow theory and investigates their performance in high-frequency railway systems and low-frequency reinforced concrete structures. A nonlinear equivalent damping model accounting for the geometry of rectangular cavities is established to describe energy dissipation caused by particle collisions and friction. A three-degree-of-freedom dynamic model comprising the main structure， TPD container， and equivalent particle mass is then developed. System identification and numerical validation using CHN60 rail impact-test data show that the model effectively captures the nonlinear damping characteristics of granular media and agrees well with experimental measurements. The effects of particle properties， filling ratio， mass ratio， frequency ratio， excitation conditions， and cavity configuration on equivalent damping and vibration mitigation are systematically investigated. Sensitivity， energy dissipation， and parameter interaction analyses clarify the individual and coupled effects of these variables. The results indicate that TPD performance is not governed by a single parameter and that greater equivalent damping does not necessarily produce better overall vibration mitigation. Performance indices are therefore introduced to identify optimal TPD parameter combinations. Finally， the equivalent damping model is applied to a reinforced concrete (RC) column with nonlinear yielding behavior. Nonlinear seismic time-history analyses are conducted to optimize the TPD parameters and compare the displacement， acceleration， and hysteretic responses with and without the TPD. The results demonstrate that an appropriately optimized TPD can effectively reduce structural responses under specific seismic excitations， although its performance is jointly affected by ground-motion characteristics， structural nonlinearity， and parameter configuration. By analyzing both high-frequency railway systems and low-frequency RC structures， this study verifies the applicability of TPDs to structures with different dynamic characteristics. It provides a reference for their parametric analysis， optimal design， and vibration control.

探討物質點法模擬鋼筋混凝土裂縫生成之可行性;Feasibility Study of Simulating Crack Initiation in Reinforced Concrete Using the Material Point Method

Tue, 20 Oct 2026 07:03:36 GMT

title: 探討物質點法模擬鋼筋混凝土裂縫生成之可行性;Feasibility Study of Simulating Crack Initiation in Reinforced Concrete Using the Material Point Method abstract: 本研究旨在探討物質點法(Material Point Method， MPM)應用於鋼筋混凝土梁裂縫生成模擬之可行性。研究建立三維鋼筋混凝土梁MPM數值模型，以最大拉應力準則判定混凝土裂縫生成；當混凝土物質點之最大主應力達到開裂模數時，將其標記為破壞物質點，保留失效狀態並將後續應力歸零，以其累積分布描述裂縫生成與破壞帶演化。鋼筋則採物質點材料指定方式建立。本文以一組主要模型設定作為基準，分別比較端部邊界束制條件、端部束制位置與等效支承作用範圍，以及不同鋼筋配置之影響，並透過破壞物質點、最大主拉應力、梁縱向正向應力S_xx及平均S_xx－力作用點位移量關係進行判讀。分析結果顯示，主要跨中裂縫由梁底初始缺陷附近開始生成，其後逐步發展為多處破壞帶；端部束制條件與作用位置主要影響裂縫形成後之破壞空間分布及局部應力重新分布。鋼筋配置則主要影響破壞發展時序、分散程度與局部縱向應力傳遞，其中未配置鋼筋之算例較早形成集中破壞，而全梁配置縱向主筋與剪力筋垂直肢之算例於較長位移範圍內仍維持較明顯之局部平均S_xx反應。綜合而言，本文所建立之MPM模型與後處理流程可用以辨識鋼筋混凝土梁裂縫生成位置、破壞演化及不同模型條件下之局部受力差異，顯示MPM具有應用於鋼筋混凝土梁裂縫生成分析之可行性。惟本文尚未納入完整張力軟化、斷裂能控制、鋼筋－混凝土界面滑移及實驗定量驗證，因此研究結果主要適用於裂縫生成行為之可行性分析與算例比較。;This study investigates the feasibility of applying the Material Point Method (MPM) to crack initiation and propagation analysis of reinforced concrete beams. A three-dimensional MPM model was established， and the maximum tensile stress criterion was adopted to determine concrete cracking. When the maximum principal stress of a concrete material point reached the modulus of rupture， the point was marked as failed， its failure state was retained， and its subsequent stress contribution was set to zero. The cumulative distribution of failed material points was then used to describe crack initiation and damage-band evolution. Reinforcement was represented by assigning steel material properties to material points within prescribed reinforcement regions. A baseline model was used to compare the effects of end boundary restraint conditions， end-restraint location and equivalent support range， and reinforcement configuration. The results were evaluated using failed material point distributions， maximum principal tensile stress， longitudinal normal stress S_xx， and the mean S_xx-loading-point displacement response. The results show that the primary midspan crack initiated near the prescribed bottom defect and subsequently developed into multiple damage bands. Changes in end restraint mainly affected post-cracking damage distribution and local stress redistribution. Reinforcement configuration mainly influenced the timing and distribution of damage development and local longitudinal stress transfer. The unreinforced case developed concentrated damage at an earlier loading stage， whereas the case with longitudinal reinforcement and vertical stirrup legs distributed throughout the beam maintained a more pronounced positive local mean S_xxresponse over a longer displacement range. Overall， the proposed MPM model and post-processing framework can be used to identify crack initiation locations， damage evolution， and differences in local mechanical response under different model conditions， demonstrating the feasibility of MPM for reinforced concrete beam crack analysis. However， tension softening， fracture-energy control， steel-concrete interface slip， and quantitative experimental validation were not fully incorporated. Therefore， the present results are primarily intended for feasibility assessment and comparative analysis of crack behavior.