摘要： AbstractThe sudden appearance of a novel stimulus initiates a series of responses to orient the body for appropriate actions, including not only shifts of gaze and attention, but also transient pupil dilation. Modulation of pupil dynamics by stimulus properties is less understood, although its effects on other components of orienting have been extensively explored. Microstimulation of the superior colliculus evoked transient pupil dilation, and the initial component of pupil dilation evoked by microstimulation was similar to that elicited by the presentation of salient sensory stimuli, suggesting a coordinated role of the superior colliculus on this behavior, although evidence in humans is yet to be established. To examine pupil orienting responses in humans, we presented visual stimuli while participants fixated on a central visual spot. Transient pupil dilation in humans was elicited after presentation of a visual stimulus in the periphery. The evoked pupil responses were modulated systematically by stimulus contrast, with faster and larger pupil responses triggered by higher contrast stimuli. The pupil response onset latencies for high contrast stimuli were similar to those produced by the light reflex and significantly faster than the darkness reflex, suggesting that the initial component of pupil dilation is probably mediated by inhibition of the parasympathetic pathway. The contrast modulation was pronounced under different levels of baseline pupil size. Together, our results demonstrate visual contrast modulation on the orienting pupil response in humans. 其他題名： Eur J Neurosci 出版者： France: Blackwell Publishing Ltd 出版日期： 2014-09 出處： European Journal of Neuroscience, 2014-09, Vol.40 (5), p.2822-2832 資源來源： Access articles in the Wiley collection 版權： 2014 Federation of European Neuroscience Societies and John Wiley & Sons Ltd 版權： 2014 Federation of European Neuroscience Societies and John Wiley & Sons Ltd. 識別號： ISSN: 0953-816X 識別號： ISSN: 1460-9568 識別號： EISSN: 1460-9568 識別號： DOI: 10.1111/ejn.12641 識別號： PMID: 24911340
