隨著人工智慧(AI)技術在職場中的快速普及,中高齡員工面臨數位轉型帶來的心理衝擊與職業挑戰。本研究旨在探討 AI 意識對中高齡員工情緒耗竭與繼續工作意願之影響,並進一步分析 AI 自我效能在其中的調節式中介效果。本研究採取問卷調查法,針對國內之企業中高齡員工進行抽樣,回收有效問卷後進行量化分析,以驗證研究假設。 研究發現,AI 意識會對中高齡員工的情緒耗竭產生顯著的正向影響,顯示員工對科技取代風險的認知會轉化為心理壓力。此情緒耗竭進一步在 AI 意識與繼續工作意願之間發揮關鍵的中介效果,亦即心理耗損感是降低員工留任意願的核心因素。特別值得注意的是,AI 自我效能在該歷程中展現顯著的調節效果,但在特定情境下,較高的 AI 自我效能反而會加深 AI 意識對於情緒耗竭的正向影響,進而對繼續工作意願產生負面衝擊。這顯示個體對自身科技能力的信心,在某些職場壓力環境下,可能轉化為更高要求的心理負擔與責任感,進而加速心理能量的耗損。 本研究在理論上擴展科技心理反應在人力資源管理領域的應用,並擴展傳統自我效能僅具正向保護功能的觀點。實務上建議企業在推動數位轉型時,應審慎評估中高齡員工的心理負荷,除了提升員工技能外,更應關注高效能員工可能面臨的隱形壓力。企業應據此調整資源分配與心理支持系統,在協助員工掌握新技術的同時,預防過度的心理負荷,以達成留任資深人才與組織數位轉型的平衡發展。;This study examines the impact of AI awareness on emotional exhaustion and the intention to continue working among middle-aged and older workers, while analyzing the moderated mediation effect of AI self-efficacy. A quantitative survey was conducted among domestic enterprise employees to verify the research hypotheses. Findings indicate that AI awareness significantly increases emotional exhaustion, which further mediates the relationship by reducing the intention to continue working. Notably, AI self-efficacy demonstrates a significant moderating effect; in certain contexts, high AI self-efficacy intensifies the positive impact of AI awareness on emotional exhaustion, subsequently hindering the intention to continue working. This suggests that confidence in technological abilities may increase psychological burdens under high-pressure environments. Theoretically, this research challenges the view that self-efficacy is solely a protective factor. Practically, organizations should address the invisible stress faced by high-efficacy workers during digital transformation to balance talent retention with technological evolution.