顆粒阻尼器（Particle Damper， PD）具有結構簡單、無須外加能源、環境適應性高及寬頻耗能等優點，可藉由顆粒間及顆粒與腔體壁面間之碰撞與摩擦作用消耗振動能量。然而，在低頻或小振幅振動條件下，顆粒運動容易受到限制，使顆粒間之碰撞與摩擦作用減弱，進而降低其能量耗散效率。為改善此一問題，調諧顆粒阻尼器（Tuned Particle Damper， TPD）結合調諧質量阻尼器（Tuned Mass Damper， TMD）之調諧機制與顆粒耗能特性，藉由增強調諧腔體與主結構間之相對運動，提升顆粒碰撞與摩擦之耗能效應。本研究基於氣–固二相流理論建立TPD等效數學模型，並結合實驗模態分析與振動台試驗，探討其動態特性與減振效能。 本研究首先建立由主結構、調諧腔體及顆粒群所組成之TPD耦合數學模型。不考慮顆粒作用時，系統可簡化為TMD耦合結構之模型，並透過振動台試驗與實驗模態分析識別其動態參數；考慮顆粒作用後，則依據不同顆粒配置設定顆粒群之等效質量，並基於氣–固二相流理論計算其等效阻尼係數。透過比較TMD與不同顆粒配置下TPD之主結構頻率響應函數，分析顆粒填充率及粒徑對系統動態特性與減振效能之影響。 研究結果顯示，所建立之等效模型能合理擬合振動台試驗所得之頻率響應，並反映不同顆粒配置與腔體尺寸下系統動態特性變化。相較於TMD，TPD可進一步降低主結構於目標頻帶附近之振動反應，顯示調諧機制與顆粒碰撞及摩擦耗能之結合可提升系統之減振效能。此外，顆粒填充率、粒徑及腔體尺寸皆會影響顆粒群之等效阻尼特性與系統減振效果，顯示顆粒參數與腔體幾何配置為影響TPD性能之重要因素。研究成果可作為TPD之動態分析、參數設計及工程振動控制應用之理論參考。;Particle dampers (PDs) possess several advantages， including a simple structural configuration， no requirement for external energy input， high environmental adaptability， and broadband energy dissipation. The vibration energy can be dissipated through collisions and friction among particles and between the particles and the cavity walls. However， under low-frequency or low-amplitude vibration conditions， particle motion may be restricted， resulting in reduced particle collisions and frictional interactions and， consequently， lower energy dissipation efficiency. To address this limitation， the tuned particle damper (TPD) combines the tuning mechanism of a tuned mass damper (TMD) with the energy dissipation characteristics of particles. By enhancing the relative motion between the tuned cavity and the primary structure， the collision and frictional dissipation of the particles can be promoted. In this study， an equivalent mathematical model of a TPD is developed based on gas–solid two-phase flow theory， and experimental modal analysis and shaking table tests are conducted to investigate its dynamic characteristics and vibration reduction performance. A coupled mathematical model consisting of the primary structure， tuned cavity， and particle assembly is first established. In the absence of particle effects， the system is simplified to a TMD-coupled structural model， and its dynamic parameters are identified through shaking table tests and experimental modal analysis. When particle effects are considered， the equivalent mass of the particle assembly is determined according to different particle configurations， and the equivalent damping coefficient is calculated based on gas–solid two-phase flow theory. The frequency response functions of the primary structure under the TMD and different TPD configurations are then compared to investigate the effects of particle filling ratio and particle size on the dynamic characteristics and vibration reduction performance of the system. The results demonstrate that the proposed equivalent model can reasonably reproduce the frequency responses obtained from the shaking table tests and capture the variations in the dynamic characteristics of the system under different particle configurations and cavity dimensions. Compared with the TMD， the TPD further reduces the vibration response of the primary structure within the target frequency range， indicating that the combination of the tuning mechanism with particle collision and frictional energy dissipation can enhance the vibration reduction performance of the system. Furthermore， the particle filling ratio， particle size， and cavity dimensions all affect the equivalent damping characteristics of the particle assembly and the vibration reduction performance of the system， demonstrating that particle parameters and cavity geometry are important factors governing TPD performance. The results of this study provide a theoretical basis for the dynamic analysis， parameter design， and engineering applications of TPDs in vibration control.
