結構物於服役期間易受交通荷載、地震及其他外部激振作用而產生異常振動，影響使用舒適性與安全性，並可能加速構件疲勞與劣化。由於不同結構之動態特性與振動頻率差異顯著，發展具廣泛適用性與良好減振性能之被動控制裝置為重要課題。相較於頻率失調敏感且 有效頻帶較窄的傳統調諧質量阻尼器（Tuned Mass Damper， TMD），顆粒阻尼器（Particle Damper， PD）可藉由顆粒碰撞與摩擦耗散能量，具有結構簡單及寬頻減振等優點。然而，其高度非線性運動使阻尼機制與參數影響難以透過傳統線性模型描述。因此，本研究提出基於二相流理論之調諧顆粒阻尼器（Tuned Particle Damper， TPD）分析與最佳化設計方法，並探討其於高頻軌道系統及低頻鋼筋混凝土結構之振動控制性能。 本研究建立考量矩形腔體幾何特性之 TPD 非線性等效阻尼模型，以描述顆粒碰撞與摩擦耗能，並建立由主結構、TPD 外殼及等效顆粒質量組成之三自由度動力模型。透過 CHN60 鋼軌衝擊試驗資料進行系統識別與數值驗證，結果顯示模型能有效反映顆粒介質之非線性耗能 特性，且數值分析與實驗量測具有良好一致性。進一步針對 TPD 設計參數進行系統性分析與比較，探討顆粒特性、填充率、質量比、頻率比、激振條件及腔體配置對等效阻尼與減振性能之影響，並透過敏感度、能量耗散及參數交互作用分析，釐清各設計變數之影響與耦合關係。結果顯示，TPD 控制性能並非由單一參數決定，且較大的等效阻尼亦不必然對應較佳的整體減振效果。因此，進一步採用性能指標進行最佳化分析，以辨識具較佳控制效果之 TPD參數組合。 最後，本研究將二相流等效阻尼模型應用於考慮非線性降伏行為之鋼筋混凝土（RC）柱，透過地震歷時分析搜尋最佳 TPD 設計參數，並比較加裝前後之位移、加速度及遲滯反應。結果顯示，經適當最佳化之 TPD 可有效降低特定地震輸入下之結構振動響應，其控制效能受到地震特性、結構非線性行為及 TPD 參數配置之共同影響。綜合高頻軌道系統與低頻 RC 結構之分析，本研究驗證了 TPD 於不同動態特性結構中的應用可行性，並為其參數分析、最佳化設計及土木工程結構振動控制提供參考。;Civil engineering structures are susceptible to abnormal vibrations induced by traffic loads， earthquakes， and other external excitations， which may impair serviceability and safety and accelerate structural deterioration. Because structures exhibit widely different dynamic characteristics and vibration frequencies， developing passive control devices with broad applicability remains challenging. Compared with conventional tuned mass dampers (TMDs)， which are sensitive to frequency detuning and generally effective within a narrow frequency range， particle dampers (PDs) dissipate energy through particle collisions and friction and offer structural simplicity and broadband vibration mitigation. However， their highly nonlinear particle motion makes the damping mechanism and parameter effects difficult to describe using conventional linear models. This study therefore proposes an analysis and optimal design methodology for tuned particle dampers (TPDs) based on two-phase flow theory and investigates their performance in high-frequency railway systems and low-frequency reinforced concrete structures. A nonlinear equivalent damping model accounting for the geometry of rectangular cavities is established to describe energy dissipation caused by particle collisions and friction. A three-degree-of-freedom dynamic model comprising the main structure， TPD container， and equivalent particle mass is then developed. System identification and numerical validation using CHN60 rail impact-test data show that the model effectively captures the nonlinear damping characteristics of granular media and agrees well with experimental measurements. The effects of particle properties， filling ratio， mass ratio， frequency ratio， excitation conditions， and cavity configuration on equivalent damping and vibration mitigation are systematically investigated. Sensitivity， energy dissipation， and parameter interaction analyses clarify the individual and coupled effects of these variables. The results indicate that TPD performance is not governed by a single parameter and that greater equivalent damping does not necessarily produce better overall vibration mitigation. Performance indices are therefore introduced to identify optimal TPD parameter combinations. Finally， the equivalent damping model is applied to a reinforced concrete (RC) column with nonlinear yielding behavior. Nonlinear seismic time-history analyses are conducted to optimize the TPD parameters and compare the displacement， acceleration， and hysteretic responses with and without the TPD. The results demonstrate that an appropriately optimized TPD can effectively reduce structural responses under specific seismic excitations， although its performance is jointly affected by ground-motion characteristics， structural nonlinearity， and parameter configuration. By analyzing both high-frequency railway systems and low-frequency RC structures， this study verifies the applicability of TPDs to structures with different dynamic characteristics. It provides a reference for their parametric analysis， optimal design， and vibration control.
