隨著化學工業的發展，工廠經常將含有酚類之有機污染物排放至河川中。由於此類污染物具有高度生物毒性且不易降解，其整治與去除問題已受到廣泛關注。聚醚碸 (polyethersulfone， PES) 因具備優異的耐熱性與化學穩定性，為膜分離技術中常用之材料之一。 本研究以 PES 為基材製備複合薄膜，並摻入氧化石墨烯 (graphene oxide， GO) 與還原氧化石墨烯 (reduced graphene oxide， rGO) ，探討不同添加比例與材料對酚類污染物去除效能之影響。此外，以對氯酚 (4-chlorophenol， 4-CP) 為主要目標污染物，於原始 pH 6.3 條件下進行過濾，並進一步調整至 pH 5 與 pH 9，以分析酸鹼環境對膜分離與吸附行為之影響。同時，亦針對苯酚 (phenol) 與對苯二酚 (hydroquinone) 進行分離測試，以比較不同官能基結構對分離行為之影響。 氧化石墨烯及其衍生材料具有豐富之芳香結構，可與酚類污染物產生強烈之 π–π 交互作用，因此可有效提升膜之去除能力。實驗結果顯示，PES/GO 與 PES/rGO 薄膜對 4-CP 之去除率分別可達 82.50% 與 80.05%。隨著複合材料添加比例增加，薄膜孔隙結構趨於緻密，有助於提升污染物之截留效果。以 PES/GO (0.5%) 為例，其去除效率較純 PES 膜顯著提升約25%。此外，吸附實驗結果亦證實，GO 複合薄膜因含有豐富含氧官能基與芳香結構，具有較高之吸附能力。 此外，pH 值之改變會影響污染物與薄膜之間的靜電作用，進而改變其在膜表面之吸附行為，最終影響截留率與水通量表現。綜合而言，本研究所製備之複合薄膜對酚類污染物具有良好之去除效果，並顯示透過材料改質可於不同 pH 條件下進一步提升分離效能，具備潛在應用價值。;With the advancement of the chemical industry， factories frequently discharge organic solvents such as 4-chlorophenol (4-CP) into rivers. Due to their high biotoxicity and resistance to degradation， the remediation of these organic pollutants has garnered significant attention. Polyethersulfone (PES) is major material for membrane application because of its excellent thermal tolerance and chemical resistance. This study is aimed to fabricate PES membrane composites， like graphene oxide (GO)， reduced graphene oxide(rGO)， for removing 4-CP at its original pH of 6.3. Subsequently， we adjusted the p-chlorophenol to pH 5 and pH 9， respectively， to investigate the impact of altered pH on filtration efficacy. Phenol and hydroquinone were also studied to compare the influence of molecular structure on separation behavior. Graphene oxide and its derivatives contain abundant aromatic ring contributing strong π-π interaction with phenolic compounds， enhancing membrane performance. The removal efficiencies of 4-CP reached 82.50% and 80.05% for PES/GO and PES/rGO membranes， respectively. Increasing the additive content led to a denser membrane structure and improved rejection. For instance， PES/GO (0.5%) showed a removal efficiency about 25% higher than that of pristine PES. Adsorption experiments further confirmed that GO-based membranes exhibited higher adsorption capacity due to oxygen-containing functional groups and aromatic structures. Additionally， pH variation influenced electrostatic interactions between pollutants and the membrane surface， affecting adsorption behavior， rejection， and water flux. Overall， the results demonstrate that adsorption and size exclusion jointly govern the separation process， and GO incorporation effectively enhances membrane performance under different pH conditions.
