關鍵字：貨櫃陸運、溫室氣體排放、減碳策略、Scope 3、GLEC Framework、ISO 14083、物流減碳、供應鏈碳管理;With the advancement of global net-zero emissions policies， the low-carbon transformation of supply chains， and increasing demands for corporate sustainability， logistics and transportation have become a crucial link in corporate greenhouse gas management. Containerized land transportation， heavily reliant on diesel vehicles and plagued by issues such as underloading， high rates of empty return trips， traffic congestion， and idling， has become a significant source of greenhouse gas emissions in the supply chain. In recent years， the EU′s Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM)， the Corporate Scope 3 emissions disclosure requirements， and Taiwan′s 2050 Net-Zero Emissions Pathway and Strategy Overview have all contributed to the development of policies that have made carbon reduction in containerized land transportation not only crucial for logistics operators′ operational efficiency but also directly impact corporate supply chain carbon management and international competitiveness. Therefore， establishing a consistent， comparable， and actionable methodology for evaluating carbon reduction strategies has become a critical issue for the sustainable development of logistics and transportation. This study focuses on containerized land transportation， aiming to analyze its main emission sources and influencing factors， compare the reduction effects and feasibility of different carbon reduction strategies， and construct a framework for evaluating the effectiveness of greenhouse gas reduction strategies applicable to containerized land transportation. This framework will provide a reference for logistics operators， manufacturers， and government departments in supply chain carbon management and carbon reduction decision-making. Methodology: First， a literature review was conducted to compile major international greenhouse gas quantification standards and transportation emission calculation methods， including IPCC Guidelines， GHG Protocol， GLEC Framework， ISO 14083， and related logistics carbon reduction literature. The emission sources， quantification methods， and carbon reduction strategies for containerized land transportation were summarized. Second， an emission calculation model was established based on activity data， emission coefficients， and Global Warming Potential (GWP). Tank-to-Wheel (TTW) was used as the system boundary， with gCO₂e/ton-km and gCO₂e/TEU-km as functional units to enhance the comparability between different strategies. Simultaneously， Data Quality Indicator (DQI)， sensitivity analysis， and uncertainty analysis were incorporated to verify the robustness and reliability of the model. This study shows that insufficient loading rate， empty vehicle return trips， and vehicle idling are the main factors affecting the emission intensity of containerized land transportation. Among these， operational improvement strategies such as increasing loading rate， reducing empty vehicle rate， route optimization， and Eco-driving have advantages such as lower investment costs， ease of short-term implementation， and significant carbon reduction benefits. In contrast， while technology and system transformation strategies such as electric container trucks， hydrogen-powered vehicles， and multimodal transport have higher long-term carbon reduction potential， they are still limited by factors such as infrastructure construction， energy supply， and investment costs. The analysis results show that increasing loading rate can reduce unit transport emissions by approximately 10% to 30%， reducing empty vehicle rate by approximately 5% to 20%， and route optimization and Eco-driving by approximately 5% to 15%; while strategies such as vehicle electrification and multimodal transport have a long-term carbon reduction potential of 40% to 70% or more. Sensitivity analysis results indicate that load factor， empty vehicle rate， and fuel efficiency are the most important key parameters affecting emissions results， with changes in load factor having the most significant impact on emission intensity. Uncertainty analysis shows that within a reasonable range of activity data variation， the emission quantification model established in this study maintains good robustness， demonstrating the practical application and promotion value of the assessment framework constructed in this study. The main contribution of this study lies in integrating international greenhouse gas quantification standards and logistics transportation management methods to establish a framework for evaluating the effectiveness of carbon reduction strategies applicable to land-based container transportation. This allows for comparison of different carbon reduction measures under consistent functional units， system boundaries， and emission quantification methods. Furthermore， this study further links logistics carbon reduction achievements to corporate Scope 3 supply chain carbon management， strengthening the application value of carbon reduction performance attribution and information disclosure. This can serve as an important reference for logistics companies planning carbon reduction strategies， enterprises promoting supply chain carbon management， and governments formulating low-carbon logistics policies， and can also serve as a foundation for subsequent related research development.
Keywords: containerized land transportation， greenhouse gas emissions， carbon reduction strategies， Scope 3， GLEC Framework， ISO 14083， logistics carbon reduction， supply chain carbon management
