本研究以水蒸發驅動之摩擦奈米發電技術為核心，設計並製備一種結合陽極氧化鋁（Anodic Aluminum Oxide， AAO）奈米通道的高效能能量轉換元件。首先，藉由電解拋光與陽極氧化製程，製備具有高孔隙率、良好準直性及規則排列特性的多孔 AAO 奈米通道結構，以增加材料與水分子的接觸面積，進而強化毛細輸水能力與水分蒸發效率，達到提升元件電性輸出的目的。其中，採用草酸電解液進行單次陽極氧化，可形成孔徑約 50 nm 的準直型奈米通道；採用磷酸電解液進行單次陽極氧化，則可形成孔徑約 100–200 nm 的準直型奈米通道。此外，透過磷酸與草酸電解液進行二次陽極氧化處理，可製備具有不同孔徑的分岔型奈米通道，其中由磷酸電解液形成的上層孔徑約為 150 nm，而由草酸電解液形成的下層孔徑約為 50 nm。 後續利用噴塗法將金屬奈米粒子均勻披覆於大孔徑 AAO 奈米通道表面，形成兼具導電性與光熱轉換能力的功能性電極層。由於金屬奈米結構具有表面電漿共振（Surface Plasmon Resonance， SPR）效應，可有效吸收入射光並將光能轉換為熱能，進而提高材料局部溫度與水分蒸發速率，同時增強電荷收集能力。相較於連續式金屬薄膜電極，奈米粒子電極可保留較多孔道開口與水氣傳輸路徑，降低電極披覆所造成的孔道阻塞及蒸發效率下降等問題。此外，針對 AAO 奈米通道底部阻障層限制液體滲透與離子傳輸的問題，本研究採用濕式蝕刻技術移除阻障層，以改善孔道連通性並提升離子傳輸效率。同時，選用導電碳布作為下電極材料，不僅可簡化元件整體結構，亦能提升其導電性與機械穩定性。 為提升元件長時間操作的穩定性，本研究進一步利用軟性基板固定元件，使其漂浮於水面，並藉由毛細作用持續將水分輸送至奈米通道內部，實現自供水與穩定蒸發發電功能，進而提高元件的耐久性及實際應用潛力。本研究亦透過材料結構分析與電性量測，驗證所提出製程與元件設計的可行性及操作穩定性，並進一步探討不同電極材料、環境溫度及電解質濃度對元件發電效能的影響。藉由本研究成果，可建立一套兼具穩定性、實用性及可擴展性的水蒸發摩擦奈米發電元件設計方法，未來可望應用於微型自供能感測器、物聯網裝置及環境能量收集系統等領域，展現其於新世代綠色能源技術中的發展潛力。;This study focuses on evaporation-driven triboelectric nanogenerator technology and proposes a high-performance energy conversion device integrated with anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) nanochannels. First， porous AAO nanochannel structures with high porosity， excellent channel alignment， and highly ordered arrangements were fabricated through electropolishing and anodization processes. These structural characteristics effectively increase the contact area between the material and water molecules， thereby enhancing capillary-driven water transport and water evaporation efficiency to improve the electrical output performance of the device. When oxalic acid electrolyte was employed in a one-step anodization process， vertically aligned nanochannels with pore diameters of approximately 50 nm were obtained. In contrast， the use of phosphoric acid electrolyte in one-step anodization produced aligned nanochannels with pore sizes ranging from approximately 100 to 200 nm. Furthermore， by applying a two-step anodization process using both phosphoric acid and oxalic acid electrolytes， branched nanochannel structures with different pore diameters were successfully fabricated， in which the phosphoric-acid-derived pores were approximately 150 nm and the oxalic-acid-derived pores were approximately 50 nm in diameter. Subsequently， metal nanoparticles were uniformly deposited onto the surfaces of the large-pore channels via a spray-coating method to form a functional electrode layer possessing both electrical conductivity and photothermal properties. Owing to the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) effect of metallic nanostructures， the deposited nanoparticles can effectively absorb light energy and convert it into thermal energy， thereby increasing the local temperature and accelerating the water evaporation rate. Meanwhile， the metallic conductive layer also enhances charge collection capability and alleviates the common issue of pore blockage and reduced evaporation efficiency caused by conventional electrode coatings. To improve liquid and ion transport， wet etching was used to remove the AAO barrier layer. Conductive carbon cloth served as the bottom electrode， simplifying the structure while maintaining conductivity and mechanical stability. For long-term operation， the device was fixed on a flexible substrate and floated on water， allowing capillary action to continuously supply the nanochannels and sustain evaporation-induced power generation. Structural and electrical analyses verified device feasibility and stability， while the effects of electrode materials， ambient temperature， and electrolyte concentration on output were evaluated. The resulting design is stable， practical， and scalable， with potential applications in self-powered sensors， Internet of Things devices， and environmental energy harvesting.
