隨著國際海事組織(International Maritime Organization， IMO)持續推動航運業減碳轉型與淨零排放目標，液化天然氣(LNG)、氫、氨及甲醇等替代燃料已逐漸成為未來船舶能源轉型的重要方向，但替代燃料於儲存、輸送、加注及使用過程中所衍生之火災、爆炸、毒性、低溫及洩漏等危害及安全風險問題，成為影響其規模化應用時不可忽視之核心議題。 本研究以海運替代燃料的危害與安全防護技術為研究主題，蒐集美國專利商標局(USPTO)、世界智慧財產組織(WIPO)及中國國家知識產權局(CNIPA)於2000年至2026年4月之專利資料，以語意嵌入模型處理中英文混合文本，透過BERTopic主題模型找出各替代燃料的技術主題，並使用廣義線性混合模型(Generalized Linear Mixed Model， GLMM)，分析2000至2025年完整年度之各主題之發展趨勢。 研究結果顯示，四種替代燃料因物理與化學特性差異，各自形成不同之安全防護技術發展路徑，GLMM趨勢分析結果顯示，各燃料安全技術在專利規模與成長動能上存在顯著差異，LNG安全技術體系最為完整；氨與甲醇整體仍處成長階段；氫能安全技術則呈高度集中特徵，發展廣度相對有限。研究成果可協助掌握海運替代燃料安全防護技術之發展現況與趨勢，並提供海運產業於技術研發、風險管理及政策規劃之參考依據。;As the International Maritime Organization (IMO) continues to advance decarbonization and net-zero emissions targets for the shipping industry， alternative fuels such as liquefied natural gas (LNG)， hydrogen， ammonia， and methanol have increasingly emerged as critical pathways for future ship energy transition. However， hazards and safety risks associated with these fuels. These include fire， explosion， toxicity， cryogenic exposure， and leakage during storage， transfer， bunkering， and onboard use represent core challenges that cannot be overlooked in their large-scale deployment. This study focuses on hazard and safeguard technologies for marine alternative fuels. Patent data published between 2000 and April 2026 were collected from the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO)， the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO)， and the China National Intellectual Property Administration (CNIPA). A multilingual sentence embedding model was applied to process the mixed Chinese–English textual， BERTopic topic modeling was employed to identify technology topics for each alternative fuel， and a Generalized Linear Mixed Model (GLMM) was used to analyze the development trends of each topic based on complete annual data from 2000 to 2025. The results reveal that the four alternative fuels exhibit distinct safeguard technology pathways due to differences in their physical and chemical properties. Furthermore， GLMM trend analysis indicates significant differences in patent activity and growth dynamics across the four fuels. Specifically， LNG has developed the most comprehensive safety technology landscape， while ammonia and methanol remain in the growth stage. In contrast， hydrogen safety technologies exhibit a highly concentrated pattern with relatively limited technological diversity. These findings provide valuable insights into the current status and development trends of safety protection technologies for marine alternative fuels and offer useful references for technology development， risk management， and policy planning in the maritime industry.
