在同震滑移過程中，斷層帶可能作為流體傳輸的通道或阻隔體。然而，流體排水與不同礦物組成對斷層摩擦行為的綜合影響，迄今仍缺乏了解。本研究透過高速旋轉剪切實驗，探討在地震滑移條件下，排水效應與礦物組成的耦合作用。實驗材料為含水飽和之合成斷層泥，其礦物組成包含石英、伊利石與高嶺石，並於新開發之壓力容器中，在不排水與排水條件下進行實驗。 所有實驗結果顯示，不論礦物組成或排水條件為何，都呈現典型的動態滑移弱化行為。摩擦峰值係數隨著黏土含量增加而系統性降低，且穩態摩擦係數在不排水條件下皆比排水條件之數據低。在排水條件下，達到穩態後，斷層泥又呈現摩擦強化的行為，而此行為在不排水實驗中並未觀察到。此外，滑移弱化距離則受礦物組成與流體排水條件影響。透過整合熱－水－力學（thermo-hydro-mechanical）數值模擬與微觀構造及礦物學分析，本研究推論，在不排水條件下，熱增壓（thermal pressurization）為主導的弱化機制。另外，在排水條件下，水的汽化作用也促進摩擦弱化。值得注意的是，於排水的條件中，隨著滑移距離增加，孔隙流體壓力的消散結合摩擦生熱，促進黏土礦物的熱分解與／或部分熔融，進而導致摩擦再強化。 本論文說明斷層岩石的摩擦行為受到流體排水條件與礦物組成（尤其是其物理化學反應性）的影響，進而影響同震地質特徵的形成與能量耗散。本研究成果有助於理解具不同滲透性斷層帶中的地震滑移的過程，並解釋天然斷層系統中所觀察到之不同的地質紀錄，例如， 1999 年臺灣集集地震（Mw 7.6）或2008大陸汶川地震（Mw 7.9）。;The structure of fault zones can act either as a conduit or a barrier to fluid transport during coseismic slip， yet the combined effects of fluid drainage and mineralogical heterogeneity on rock friction remain poorly constrained. This study investigates the coupled roles of fluid drainage and mineral composition during experimental seismic slip using high-velocity rotary shear experiments on water-saturated synthetic gouges composed of quartz， illite， and kaolinite. Experiments were conducted under both undrained and drained conditions using a developed pressure vessel. All experiments exhibit characteristic dynamic slip-weakening behavior regardless of mineral composition or drainage conditions. Clay-bearing gouges show frictional strength recovery under drained conditions， which is a behavior that is not observed in undrained experiments. Peak friction decreases systematically with increasing clay content， irrespective of fluid drainage conditions， whereas steady-state friction is consistently lower under undrained conditions. The slip-weakening distance is controlled by both mineral composition and fluid drainage conditions. By integrating thermo-hydro-mechanical modeling with microstructural and mineralogical analyses， we infer that thermal pressurization is the dominant weakening mechanism under undrained conditions， whereas water vaporization is triggered under drained conditions. With progressive slip in drained， clay-bearing experiments， pore pressure dissipation combined with frictional heating facilitates thermal decomposition and/or partial melting of clay minerals， leading to frictional restrengthening and increased frictional power density. Additionally， the slip required thermal decomposition decreases exponentially with an increased in normal stresses (i.e.， normal stress >5 MPa correspondent to slip distances <5 m). Overall， this thesis demonstrates that the frictional behavior of fault rocks is affected by fluid drainage conditions and mineralogical composition. The findings provide insights into faulting processes in permeable versus impermeable fault zones and help to explain the diversity of geological records observed in natural fault systems， and the formation of coseismic geological features at depth rather than at the surface， as observed in the borehole after the 1999 Mw 7.6 Chi‐Chi earthquake in Taiwan and the 2008 Mw 7.9 Wenchuan earthquake in China.
