電解水產氫被視為實現潔淨氫能與淨零碳排的核心技術之一，然而陽極析氧反應(OER)複雜且緩慢的動力學，限制了整體的能量轉換效率。傳統貴金屬觸媒成本較高，且在高陽極電位下易發生過度氧化與溶解，在兼顧催化活性與穩定性上面臨挑戰。為此，本研究報導了一種氮摻雜碳負載釕鈷雙金屬觸媒((Ru-Co)Ox@N/C)的合理設計，該觸媒係透過快速微波合成、溫和離子交換與低溫熱解製備而成。 拉曼光譜分析顯示，Ru的引入引發了高度局部化且局限於表面的晶格畸變。高解析度XPS則指出，此結構畸變產生了豐富的表面氧空缺，作為本徵電子給體以局域化電子密度，進而在活性位點周圍構建出富電子態，其特徵為金屬態Ru0與低價態Co2+的比例顯著提升。這種獨特的電子組態最佳化了OER中間體的吸附自由能，並提供強大的電子緩衝效應，成功抑制了活性Ru物種在嚴苛高電位下的過度氧化與溶解。 因此，(Ru-Co)Ox@N/C觸媒展現出優異的OER活性：在1.0 M KOH與鹼性模擬海水中，分別僅需183 mV與190 mV的超低過電位即可達到10 mA cm-2的電流密度。在陰離子交換膜水電解器(AEMWE)實際測試中，該催化劑在2.0 V槽電壓下可提供高達1.197 A cm-2的電流密度。此外，在工業級電流密度250 mA cm-2下進行100小時的連續耐久性測試中，它維持了 1.7828 V的低起始電壓，整體電壓衰減率僅11.22%。臨場拉曼光譜的動態追蹤成功捕捉到由電位誘導的機制轉變：從吸附物演化機制(AEM，以815 cm-1處的*O-OH為特徵)轉向雙原子氧機制(DOM，以1064 cm-1處的O-O直接偶聯為特徵)。這表明 Ru-O-Co 協同位點不僅有助於降低AEM反應路徑的能壘，亦能促使DOM路徑的發生。這種雙通道協同催化機制為提升OER產氧效率提供了合理的解釋，並為未來綠氫與海水電解觸媒的設計提供了學理參考。;Water electrolysis for hydrogen production is regarded as one of the pivotal technologies for achieving clean hydrogen energy and net-zero carbon emissions. However， the sluggish kinetics and complex multi-step nature of the anodic oxygen evolution reaction (OER) severely restrict overall energy conversion efficiency. Conventional noble-metal catalysts not only incur high costs but are also prone to severe over-oxidation and anodic dissolution at high operating potentials， posing a major challenge to simultaneously achieving high catalytic activity and long-term durability. To address these issues， we report the rational design of a nitrogen-doped carbon-supported ruthenium–cobalt bimetallic catalyst ((Ru-Co)Ox@N/C)， fabricated via rapid microwave-assisted synthesis， mild ion exchange， and low-temperature pyrolysis. Raman spectroscopy reveals that the incorporation of Ru induces highly localized， surface-confined lattice distortion. High-resolution XPS further indicates that this structural distortion generates abundant surface oxygen vacancies， which serve as intrinsic electron donors to localize electron density. Consequently， a collective electron-rich environment is constructed around the active centers， characterized by an increased proportion of metallic Ru0 and low-valence Co2+. This unique electronic configuration optimizes the adsorption free energies of OER intermediates and provides a robust electron buffering effect that effectively mitigates the over-oxidation and dissolution of active Ru species under harsh anodic potentials. As a result， the (Ru-Co)Ox@N/C catalyst exhibits outstanding OER activity， requiring ultra-low overpotentials of only 183 mV in 1.0 M KOH and 190 mV in alkaline simulated seawater to achieve a current density of 10 mA cm-2. In practical anion exchange membrane water electrolyzer (AEMWE) tests， the catalyst delivers a remarkable current density of 1.197 A cm-2 at a cell voltage of 2.0 V. Furthermore， during a 100-hour continuous durability test at an industrial-grade current density of 250 mA cm-2， it maintains a low initial cell voltage of 1.7828 V with a minimal overall voltage degradation of only 11.22%. Dynamic tracking via in-situ Raman spectroscopy successfully captures a potential-induced mechanism transition from the adsorbate evolution mechanism (AEM， characterized by *O-OH at 815 cm-1) to the diatomic oxygen mechanism (DOM， characterized by direct O–O coupling at 1064 cm-1). This confirms that the synergistic "Ru-O-Co" active sites not only lower the energetic barrier of the AEM pathway but also facilitate the occurrence of the DOM route. This dual-channel synergistic catalytic mechanism provides a rational rationale for enhanced OER efficiency and offers valuable fundamental insights into designing advanced electrocatalysts for green hydrogen production and seawater electrolysis.
