牙科植體廣泛應用於重建缺牙患者之口腔功能與美觀。對於上顎嚴重萎縮或腫瘤切除後造成之骨缺損患者，顴骨植體（zygomatic implant， GZI）為重要之替代治療選項。然而，植體置入會改變口腔微生物生態，進而影響種植體周圍組織健康及相關併發症之發生。由於GZI常穿越或鄰近上頷竇，其微生物組成與傳統牙科植體（general dental implant， GDI）有所不同。本研究旨在比較GZI與GDI周圍微生物群落之差異。本研究招募於台北慈濟醫院牙科部接受GZI或GDI治療且整體健康狀況良好之成人受試者。在無菌條件下收集植體表面生物膜樣本，進行微生物DNA萃取，並採用16S核糖體核糖核酸(16S ribosomal RNA， 16S rRNA)基因擴增子定序分析菌相組成。透過生物資訊分析流程進行分類鑑定及多樣性分析，比較兩組間之微生物群落差異。結果顯示，GZI與GDI之微生物組成存在顯著差異。GZI組中Fusobacterium、Actinomyces、Streptococcus及Rothia之相對豐度顯著增加；而GDI組則以Fusobacterium及Actinomyces為主要優勢菌屬，顯示其菌相較為多樣。值得注意的是，與鼻竇感染相關之菌屬Rothia於GZI組中顯著增加，暗示與鼻竇相關微生物環境改變有關。綜上所述，植體類型會顯著影響種植體周圍之微生物組成。GZI因其特殊解剖位置，呈現不同於傳統植體之微生物特徵，並與鼻竇相關病理機制有關。未來仍需進一步研究以釐清其在種植體周圍疾病及鼻竇疾病發生中的角色與臨床意義。;Dental implants are extensively utilized to restore oral function and esthetics in edentulous patients. In cases of severe maxillary atrophy or post-resection bone defects， zygomatic implants (GZIs) represent a valuable alternative to conventional approaches. Nevertheless， implant placement may disrupt the oral microbial balance， potentially influencing peri-implant tissue health and the risk of associated complications. Given that GZIs frequently penetrate or lie in close proximity to the maxillary sinus， their microbiological profile may differ from that of conventional dental implants (general dental implants， GDIs). This study aimed to characterize and compare the peri-implant microbiota associated with GZIs and GDIs.Systemically healthy adult patients who underwent GZI or GDI placement at the Department of Dentistry， Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital， were enrolled. Biofilm samples were aseptically collected from implant surfaces， followed by microbial DNA extraction. Microbial communities were profiled using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. Downstream bioinformatics analyses were performed for taxonomic assignment and diversity assessment to evaluate differences between groups.Significant variations in microbial composition were observed between GZIs and GDIs. The GZI group exhibited increased relative abundances of Fusobacterium， Actinomyces， Streptococcus， and Rothia， whereas the GDI group was characterized by the predominance of Fusobacteriumand Actinomyces， reflecting comparatively higher microbial diversity. Of note， Rothia， which is commonly associated with sinus-related infections， was enriched in the GZI group， suggesting a potential association with sinus-linked microbial alterations.In summary， implant type plays a critical role in shaping peri-implant microbial communities. Owing to their distinct anatomical positioning， GZIs harbor a unique microbiological profile that may be connected to sinus-related pathophysiological processes. Further investigation is warranted to clarify their implications in peri-implant and sinus-associated diseases.
