隨著現今社會價值觀之演變與離婚率之攀升，家事紛爭中所衍生之未成年子女親權酌定與利益保障問題日益複雜。傳統以法院訴訟解決糾紛之對抗式程序，往往曠日費時且具高度敵對性，不僅耗費司法資源，更對家庭和諧與子女之身心發展造成負面衝擊。為此，我國於家事事件法中引入「家事調解」此一替代性爭端解決機制，落實調解前置原則，期能透過中立第三方之協助，促進當事人自主溝通與合作，緩和對立情緒並降低法律程序之敵對性。 然而，實務運作上仍面臨諸多困境與挑戰，例如當事人間之權力不對等、高度情緒張力及資訊不對稱等問題，往往使弱勢權益受到忽視。因此，如何於家事調解程序中具體落實「未成年子女最佳利益」原則，並適度保障兒童表意權，避免未成年子女淪為父母爭執之工具，實為當今家事法學與實務界亟待探究之核心課題。本研究以未成年子女最佳利益之保障為核心，深入探討我國家事調解制度之運作現況與潛在困境。研究方法兼採文獻分析法與深度訪談法，除系統性梳理國內外法制與學說文獻外，更邀請第一線之實務工作者（家事調解委員、家事律師）進行實證訪談。 本文旨在剖析調解實務中如何建構「合作父母」之理念並協助其共同履行親職，藉此全面保障未成年子女於調解中之程序主體性與實體利益，進而對提升我國家事調解品質、精進實務運作及健全法制體系，提出具體且可行之建議。;With the evolution of contemporary social values and the rising divorce rate， issues regarding custody determination and the safeguarding of the interests of minor children arising from family disputes have become increasingly complex. Traditional adversarial procedures of court litigation for dispute resolution are often time-consuming， costly， and highly hostile. They not only consume substantial judicial resources but also exert a negative impact on family harmony and the physical and mental development of children. To address this， Taiwan′s Family Matters Act introduced "family mediation" as an Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) mechanism， implementing the principle of pre-litigation mediation. It aims to facilitate autonomous communication and cooperation between parties through the assistance of a neutral third party， thereby mitigating confrontational emotions and reducing the adversarial nature of legal proceedings.
However， practical operations still face numerous dilemmas and challenges. Issues such as power imbalances between the parties， high emotional tension， and information asymmetry often lead to the neglect of the rights of the vulnerable. Therefore， how to concretely implement the principle of the "best interests of the child" within family mediation proceedings and properly safeguard the child′s right to be heard—thereby preventing minor children from being used as tools in parental disputes—has become a core issue urgently requiring exploration in contemporary family law scholarship and practice.
Centering on the protection of the best interests of minor children， this study delves into the current operational status and underlying difficulties of Taiwan′s family mediation system. Adopting both literature analysis and in-depth interviews as its research methodologies， this study systematically reviews domestic and international legal frameworks and academic literature， and further conducts empirical interviews with frontline practitioners， including family mediators and family lawyers. This thesis aims to analyze how to deepen the concept of "cooperative parenting" in mediation practice and assist parents in jointly fulfilling their parental responsibilities. By doing so， it seeks to comprehensively safeguard the procedural autonomy and substantive interests of minor children during mediation. Ultimately， this study proposes concrete and feasible recommendations to enhance the quality of family mediation in Taiwan， refine practical operations， and perfect the legal system.
