台灣光通訊產業自2010年代起，隨高速傳輸、雲端運算與資料中心需求擴大，逐步轉向高頻寬、低功耗之光纖通訊與光模組應用，成為支撐人工智慧（AI）、大數據與次世代通訊的重要基礎。隨著400G規格普及，以及800G、1.6T技術推進，矽光子（Silicon Photonics， SiPh）與共同封裝光學（Co-Packaged Optics， CPO）逐漸成為因應功耗、頻寬與封裝限制的重要方向。本研究旨在探討台灣光通訊中游產業於技術典範轉移與地緣政治衝擊下的競爭態勢與轉型路徑。 研究採用產業經濟學之「結構—行為—績效」（SCP）分析模型為理論架構，以CR4與HHI指數衡量市場集中度，並選取訊芯、光聖、眾達與波若威四家指標企業為個案，分析其2020年至2024年間之純益率、EPS、ROE、ROA與策略行為。 研究結果顯示：在市場結構方面，台灣光通訊中游市場呈現「中度集中」寡占結構，2024年CR4上升至75.63%，HHI指數達1，680點，並具備技術認證、客戶導入週期與資本投入等進入障礙。在廠商行為方面，企業積極投入高速光模組研發，以建立非價格競爭優勢，並朝高階客戶供應鏈與價值定價模式轉型；同時透過北美與東南亞布局強化供應鏈韌性。在經營績效方面，光聖於2024年受惠於AI基礎建設與高速傳輸需求，EPS與純益率明顯成長；波若威則在庫存調整壓力下維持穩健獲利。相較之下，訊芯與眾達雖因研發費用、產品轉型與資本支出影響短期ROE與ROA表現，仍持續累積技術能量與市場布局。 整體而言，台灣光通訊產業正由成本與規模競爭，邁向「技術能力與高階應用價值」競爭。面對國際競爭與供應鏈重組，企業應深化高速光通訊關鍵技術研發，提高技術門檻與產品附加價值，提升自主技術與高階製造能力，以穩固台灣在全球高速傳輸價值鏈中的戰略地位。;Since the 2010s， Taiwan’s optical communications industry has undergone a technological transformation from copper-based transmission to fiber-optic communication. It has now become a core pillar supporting the development of global artificial intelligence (AI)， big data， and the 6G era. With the increasing adoption of 400G specifications and the technological evolution toward 800G and 1.6T， the industry is adopting Silicon Photonics (SiPh) and Co-Packaged Optics (CPO) to address the power consumption limitations of traditional architectures. This study aims to examine the competitive landscape and transformation path of Taiwan’s midstream optical communications industry under technological paradigm shifts and geopolitical shocks. This study adopts the Structure–Conduct–Performance (SCP) model from industrial economics as its theoretical framework. The CR4 and HHI indices are used to measure market concentration. Four representative firms—ShunSin Technology， Forward Electronics， Towe， and Browave—are selected as case companies to analyze their financial indicators from 2020 to 2024， including net profit margin， earnings per share (EPS)， return on equity (ROE)， return on assets (ROA)， and strategic conduct. The findings show that Taiwan’s midstream optical communications market exhibits a moderately concentrated oligopolistic structure. In 2024， the CR4 rose to 75.63%， while the HHI reached 1，680 points， indicating high technical certification requirements and entry barriers. In terms of firm conduct， companies have actively invested in CPO and 1.6T high-speed modules to establish non-price competitive advantages， while implementing value-based pricing through direct engagement with cloud service providers (CSPs). Meanwhile， in response to tariff risks， firms have developed a “Taiwan–U.S.–Mexico industrial triangle” and regional production layouts in Southeast Asia to strengthen supply chain resilience. In terms of business performance， Forward Electronics and Browave， which have achieved notable transformation results， benefited from AI infrastructure demand in 2024 and showed strong growth in EPS and net profit margin. By contrast， ShunSin Technology and Towe， which have actively invested in forward-looking R&D， experienced short-term dilution in ROE and ROA due to higher R&D expenses and capital expenditures， yet have established technological barriers. Overall， Taiwan’s optical communications industry is at a critical stage of transformation from scale-driven growth toward a model in which technology defines value. Facing international competition， firms should deepen their R&D capabilities in Silicon Photonics and heterogeneous integration， while leveraging policy support from the government’s “Five Trusted Industry Sectors” and “Chip-Based Industrial Innovation Program.” By doing so， they can transform from contract manufacturers into technology specification definers， thereby strengthening Taiwan’s strategic position in the global high-speed transmission value chain.
