隨著人口高齡化與少子化加劇，延長中高齡勞工勞動參與已成為重要議題。本研究主要關注於心理健康對於中高齡勞動參與決策之影響，同時探討其延後退休政策是否實質影響其中高齡的勞動力。本文使用韓國高齡化縱貫研究（KLoSA）2014、2016及2018年資料，採probit模型，探討50至70歲健康因素對中高齡勞工勞動參與之影響，希望對台灣相關政策之擬定具啟發性。韓國延後退休政策效果則利用分階段實施之制度特性，其中第一階段主要適用於大企業，第二階段則進一步擴大至中小企業，分析其對勞動參與、工時與薪資之影響。研究結果顯示，負向心理因素及高致殘性疾病會降低勞動參與，正向心理因素則有助於持續就業的意願，顯示心理狀態不同對勞動參與具有獨立效果。政策方面，第一階段未顯著影響勞動參與，但工時與薪資有所調整；第二階段呈顯著負向影響勞動參與，不過工時及薪資卻沒有顯著影響，雖然在長期之下可觀察到顯著的效果，表明政策及配套措施的實施效果因企業規模而有所差異。因此，本文建議政府對於中高齡勞工可加強政府對於企業的規範，並提供健康諮詢，同時完善工時與薪資的配套措施，以達到延後退休、增加勞動力的政策目標。;As population aging and declining birth rates intensify， extending the labor force participation of middle-aged and older workers has become an important issue. This study examines the effects of mental health on labor force participation among individuals aged 50 to 70， using data from the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging (KLoSA) for 2014， 2016， and 2018 and applying a probit model. It also analyzes the effects of Korea’s delayed retirement policy on labor force participation， working hours， and wages by exploiting its phased implementation: the first stage mainly applied to large firms， while the second stage expanded to small and medium-sized enterprises. The results show that negative psychological factors and highly disabling diseases reduce labor force participation， whereas positive psychological factors increase the willingness to remain employed. Regarding policy effects， the first stage does not significantly affect labor force participation， although working hours and wages are adjusted. In contrast， the second stage has a significantly negative effect on labor force participation， while its effects on working hours and wages are insignificant in the short run but become significant in the long run. These findings suggest that the effectiveness of delayed retirement policies depends on firm-level implementation and supporting measures. Therefore， this study suggests strengthening regulations on firms， providing health consultation services， and improving working-hour and wage-related measures to achieve the policy goals of delayed retirement and increased labor supply.
