隨著分散式能源資源（Distributed Energy Resources， DER）與智慧電網發展，點對點（Peer-to-Peer， P2P）能源交易逐漸成為提升能源使用效率與市場彈性的重要模式。然而，現有機制仍難以同時兼顧隱私保護與清算信任。鏈上架構雖具備透明性、可追溯性與自動結算能力，卻可能暴露用電量、交易電量與價格資訊；鏈下架構雖能降低資訊揭露風險，卻高度依賴中心化協調者，缺乏公開可驗證之清算機制。此外，承諾電量與智慧電表實際量測電量可能產生偏差，若缺乏可驗證之履約與責任追溯機制，將影響清算公平性與市場信任。 為解決上述問題，本研究提出一套結合零知識證明、身分基礎代理簽章與區塊鏈智慧合約之可驗證隱私保護 P2P 能源交易架構。系統透過承諾存證機制，將承諾電量、實際量測資料與價格資訊以雜湊摘要形式記錄於鏈上，避免敏感資料直接公開，並導入零知識證明（Zero-Knowledge Proof， ZKP），使配電系統營運商（Distribution System Operator， DSO）能在不揭露實際電量、交易電量與價格資訊的情況下，證明清算計算、付款金額、電量偏差分類與差額收支之正確性。此外，本研究採用身分基礎代理簽章（Identity-Based Proxy Signature， IBPS），使交易參與者能於明確授權範圍內委任 DSO 代為完成鏈上資料提交與簽署，並確保 DSO 之代理行為可被驗證與歸責。結算階段則由智慧合約執行清算驗證與自動撥款，僅當零知識證明與鏈上承諾資料皆驗證通過後，才觸發資金分配與狀態更新，以降低中心化平台可能產生之資金挪用、不透明清算與錯誤撥款風險。 本研究透過功能性比較、安全性分析與效能評估驗證所提架構之可行性。結果顯示，本研究相較於既有 P2P 能源交易方案，能同時支援交易隱私保護、鏈上清算驗證、自動撥款、電量偏差處理與責任追溯機制。效能評估結果顯示，零知識證明大小約維持於 805 bytes，且不因參與者數量增加而明顯上升；證明驗證時間於 Sepolia 與 Polygon 鏈上驗證環境中約落於 58 至 73 ms。綜合而言，本研究在保護交易隱私的同時，兼顧清算正確性、履約可驗證性、自動結算與責任追溯，為智慧電網環境下之安全 P2P 能源交易提供一套具可行性的技術架構。;With the growing deployment of Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) and smart grids， Peer-to-Peer (P2P) energy trading has emerged as an effective means of improving energy efficiency and market flexibility. However， existing mechanisms still face challenges in balancing privacy and trustworthy settlement. On-chain architectures provide transparency， traceability， and automation but may expose sensitive data， including electricity consumption， traded energy， and prices， while off-chain approaches reduce disclosure risks but rely on centralized coordinators and lack publicly verifiable settlement. Moreover， discrepancies between committed energy and smart meter measurements may compromise fairness and trust without verifiable validation and accountability. To address these issues， this study proposes a verifiable privacy-preserving P2P energy trading framework that integrates Zero-Knowledge Proofs， Identity-Based Proxy Signatures， and blockchain smart contracts. A commitment-based mechanism records energy commitments， metering data， and prices on-chain as hash digests， preventing direct disclosure. Zero-Knowledge Proofs allow the Distribution System Operator (DSO) to prove settlement correctness without revealing actual energy amounts or prices. Identity-Based Proxy Signatures enable participants to authorize the DSO to submit and sign data within a defined scope while ensuring verifiability and accountability. Smart contracts verify the proofs and commitments before automatically distributing payments. The proposed framework is evaluated through functional comparison， security analysis， and performance assessment. The results show that it supports transaction privacy preservation， on-chain settlement verification， automatic payment distribution， energy deviation handling， and accountability tracing. Performance results indicate that the proof size remains approximately 805 bytes， and on-chain verification times on Sepolia and Polygon range from approximately 58 to 73 ms. Overall， this study provides a feasible framework for secure， verifiable， and privacy-preserving P2P energy trading in smart grid environments.
