本研究整合海表溫度、海洋熱浪、多源海冰厚度、表面流場、表面風場與北極震盪指數，分析巴倫支–北歐海域（60–84°N、30°W–45°E）的長期時空變化及可能關聯。方法包括氣候與面積加權平均、線性趨勢、多源產品比較、東西分區及北極震盪年度相位分類。1985–2025年年平均海表溫度以約0.319 °C/decade升高；海洋熱浪綜合訊號於2000年後增強，2016–2018年及2023–2025年較明顯。三套長期海冰厚度產品均呈減薄方向：資料A於1996–2024年跨年冰季下降約−0.0668 m/decade，未達統計顯著；資料B與C在一般線性回歸下分別下降約−0.1332及−0.0291 m/decade，均達統計顯著。較厚海冰主要集中於格陵蘭東側、弗拉姆海峽及研究區北部。海冰厚度與海洋熱浪呈季節性空間對應，但不足以證明因果關係。表面流場與風場呈冬春較強、夏季較弱及秋季後再增強的循環，西側多數月份的平均流速與風速較高。不同北極震盪年度相位下均可能出現高海溫、較強海洋熱浪訊號及較低海冰厚度，顯示北極震盪可調節特定季節與年份，但並非長期暖化與海冰減薄的唯一驅動因素。整體變化反映氣候暖化、大西洋暖水、海冰回饋及大氣–海洋動力的共同作用。;This study integrates sea surface temperature， marine heatwaves， multi-source sea ice thickness， surface currents， surface winds， and the Arctic Oscillation to examine long-term environmental changes and their potential relationships in the Barents–Nordic Seas (60–84°N， 30°W–45°E). The analyses include climatological and area-weighted averaging， linear trend analysis， sea ice product intercomparison， east–west regional comparisons， and annual Arctic Oscillation phase classification. From 1985 to 2025， the annual mean sea surface temperature increased by approximately 0.319 °C per decade. Marine heatwave signals strengthened after 2000 and were most pronounced during 2016–2018 and 2023–2025， with summer–autumn hotspots in the northern Norwegian Sea， south of Svalbard， and western Barents Sea. All three long-term sea ice thickness products indicate thinning. Product A shows a non-significant decline of approximately −0.0668 m per decade during the 1996–2024 cross-year ice seasons. Products B and C decline by approximately −0.1332 and −0.0291 m per decade， respectively， and both trends are statistically significant under the ordinary linear regression used in this study. Despite product differences， thicker ice consistently occurs east of Greenland， in Fram Strait， and at higher latitudes. Sea ice thickness and marine heatwaves exhibit seasonal spatial correspondence， but the results do not establish direct causality. Surface currents and winds are stronger from winter to early spring， weaker in summer， and strengthen again in autumn， with higher mean speeds in the western region during most months. High sea surface temperatures， stronger marine heatwave signals， and low sea ice thickness occur under different annual Arctic Oscillation phase types. The Arctic Oscillation therefore modulates seasons and years but is not the sole driver of long-term ocean warming and sea ice thinning. Overall， changes reflect climate warming， Atlantic Water influence， sea ice feedbacks， surface circulation， wind forcing， and interannual Arctic Oscillation variability.
