隨著高功率電子設備熱通量持續提升，傳統空氣冷卻技術已逐漸接近散熱極限。浸沒式液冷技術藉由將電子元件直接浸泡於工作液體中，可大幅提升散熱效率，然而材料與工作液體間的相容性仍為系統可靠度的重要挑戰。導熱介面材料(Thermal Interface Material， TIM)作為發熱元件與液冷散熱系統之間的關鍵熱傳遞媒介，其性能與穩定性直接影響散熱效率及系統壽命。石墨烯相關材料因具有優異的熱導率、化學穩定性、高機械強度及良好的抗水氣滲透能力，被視為極具潛力的TIM材料。本研究選用實驗室先前開發之氟化改質石墨烯、具提升黏著性與抗腐蝕能力之石墨烯複合塗層，以及摻入六方氮化硼（hBN）以提升絕緣特性的石墨烯材料，及伺服器常用高分子薄膜Polyimide（PI），為了實際應用中之熱傳方向需求，選用具垂直排列結構之石墨烯複合材料，以提升垂直方向之熱傳導能力。為評估材料於浸沒式液冷環境中的適用性，本研究選用目前常見之液冷工作液體，包括碳氟化合物與碳氫化合物，進行為期14天之高溫浸泡試驗。液體需考量全球暖化潛勢(Global Warming Potential， GWP)、液體黏度及材料提取性等因素，選用材料透過導熱特性分析、表面形貌觀察及液體化學性質檢測，系統性評估材料與工作液體間之相容性。研究結果顯示，各類石墨烯相關材料於工作液體浸泡後，其導熱性能均未出現顯著衰退；表面形貌分析亦未發現脆化、溶脹或結構劣化現象。此外，工作液體未發生明顯氧化反應，亦未觀察到材料溶劑被萃取或溶出之情形，顯示材料與液體間具有良好的化學穩定性與相容性。 本研究驗證石墨烯相關材料作為浸沒式水冷系統導熱介面材料之可行性與發展潛力，並建立水冷系統材料與工作液體相容性標準檢驗流程，而由於液冷在業界的重要性日夜增高，因此由材料成分、導熱特性、液體穩定性等一系列分析，可作為未來浸沒式液冷系統材料開發與可靠度驗證之重要參考依據。;As the heat flux of high-power electronic devices continues to increase， immersion liquid cooling has emerged as an effective thermal management technology. However， the compatibility between thermal interface materials (TIMs) and cooling fluids remains a key reliability concern. Owing to their high thermal conductivity， chemical stability， and mechanical strength， graphene-based materials are considered promising TIM candidates for immersion cooling applications.In this study， fluorinated graphene， graphene composite coatings， hBN-modified graphene， and vertically aligned graphene-enhanced polyimide (PI) films were evaluated through a 14-day high-temperature immersion test using fluorocarbon- and hydrocarbon-based cooling fluids. Material performance was assessed through thermal conductivity measurements， surface morphology observations， and cooling-fluid chemical analyses.The results showed no significant degradation in thermal conductivity after immersion. Surface characterization revealed no swelling， embrittlement， or structural damage， while fluid analyses indicated no significant oxidation or extraction of material constituents. These findings demonstrate excellent compatibility and chemical stability between the graphene-based materials and the tested cooling fluids.This study confirms the feasibility of applying graphene-based materials as TIMs in immersion liquid-cooling systems and provides a systematic approach for evaluating material–fluid compatibility for future immersion-cooling applications.
