在穩定大陸區域（SCRs）中，例如外西喀爾巴阡山脈（OWC）之已穩定化增積楔，地震危害評估常低估長期風險，因為儀器觀測地震目錄的時間跨度過短，且穩定區域缺乏可供傳統斷層槽探（fault-trenching）辨識的明顯地表破裂。儘管目前地震活動相對平靜，OWC 卻具有極高密度的深層滑動型山崩以及傾向坡下方向的傾倒構造。本論文將這些地貌特徵作為新型的雙重指標古地震代理指標，以定量重建未留下歷史記錄的古地震事件。 本研究建立了一套整合式、多尺度的方法，結合高解析度 LiDAR 地形測繪、電阻率層析成像（ERT）、年代學定年，以及高速旋轉剪切試驗。為評估約 2.8 千年前的 Lidečko 古山崩事件，本研究將實驗獲得的速度依賴摩擦定律（VDFL）納入三維 Newmark 位移分析（NDA），並透過離散元素法滑動距離模擬（PFC3D）進行驗證。此一基於物理機制的反演分析顯示，楔形體失穩並產生失控滑動至少需要規模 M 7.1–7.3 的古地震。另一方面，Javorníky 山脈的構造證據指出一種新定義的「動員黏土驅動傾倒」（mobilized-clay-driven toppling）機制，以解釋 flysch 邊坡逐步的前期弱化過程。對這些已被預先弱化的砂岩塊體分析顯示，其最終翻倒所需的地震觸發強度落在 M 6.5–7.3 的區間；其中 M 6.5 為塊體開始累積漸進式轉動的門檻，而單一事件造成最終翻倒所需的規模約為 M 7.3，此上限與 Lidečko 山崩反算所得之 M 7.1–7.3 相互吻合。 這兩種物理上相互獨立的代理指標之結果相互收斂，建立了一種統一的「地震誘發黏土動員驅動機制」（Seismic Mobilized-Clay Driven），其控制因素為 flysch 黏土岩夾層在地震荷載下的脆弱性。此外，較年輕的湖相沉積物年代與主要 2.8 千年前滑坡事件之間的時間差距，支持 Lidečko 單一災難性滑動事件的解釋，同時揭示更廣泛的區域多期地震歷史。最終，本研究挑戰了中歐低地震活動的傳統觀點，顯示 OWC 地區曾發生強烈古地震，最可能達 M 7.1–7.3，並有 M 6.5–7.3 的事件序列共同構成其地震紀錄，並提出一套可重複應用的研究框架，以改進全球已穩定造山帶的機率式地震危害評估。;Seismic hazard assessments in stable continental regions (SCRs)， such as the stabilized accretionary wedge of the Outer Western Carpathians (OWC)， often underestimate long-term risks because instrumental catalogs are too short and stable regions lack visible surface ruptures for traditional fault-trenching. Despite current seismic quiescence， the OWC hosts an exceptionally high density of deep-seated landslides and under-dip toppling structures. This thesis uses these geomorphic features as novel， dual-indicator paleoseismic proxies to quantitatively reconstruct paleoearthquakes that left no historical record. We developed an integrated， multi-scalar methodology that combines high-resolution LiDAR mapping， electrical resistivity tomography (ERT)， geochronological dating， and high-velocity rotary shear testing. To assess the catastrophic Lidečko paleolandslide (~2.8 ka)， we incorporated experimentally derived Velocity-Dependent Friction Laws (VDFL) into a three-dimensional Newmark Displacement Analysis (NDA) and validated it via discrete element runout simulations (PFC3D). This physics-based back-analysis demonstrates that runaway wedge failure required a minimum paleoearthquake magnitude of M 7.1–7.3. Independently， structural evidence from the Javorníky Mountains points to a newly defined “mobilized-clay-driven toppling” mechanism to explain the progressive preconditioning of flysch slopes. Analysis of these preconditioned sandstone blocks constrains the seismic triggering intensity for final overturning to a spectrum of M 6.5–7.3， in which M 6.5 marks the threshold for incremental， cumulative rotation and M ≈ 7.3 the magnitude required for single-event overturning — the latter coinciding with the M 7.1–7.3 obtained independently from the Lidečko landslide back-analysis. The convergence of these two physically independent proxies establishes a “Seismic Mobilized-Clay Driven” unified mechanism， controlled by the vulnerability of flysch claystone interbeds under seismic loading. Furthermore， the temporal offset between the lacustrine sediment ages and the ~2.8 ka landslide event supports the interpretation of a single catastrophic failure at Lidečko while revealing a broader polyphase regional seismic history. Ultimately， this research challenges the low-seismicity paradigm in Central Europe， demonstrating that the OWC has experienced strong paleoearthquakes， most plausibly of M ≥ 7.1–7.3， with a spectrum of M 6.5–7.3 events contributing to the cumulative record， and provides a replicable framework for refining probabilistic seismic hazard assessments in stabilized orogens globally.
