滾珠式超越離合器是一種廣泛應用於機械傳動系統中的傳動元件，具備結構簡單、反應迅速與傳動效率高等優點。相較於傳統的棘輪式或楔塊式設計，滾珠式超越離合器透過滾動接觸機構，不僅能提供穩定動力傳輸，亦能有效降低摩擦損耗與機械磨耗，其動態性能對於系統的穩定性及效率至關重要。此外，當應用於雙向傳動設計時，更可以實現正、反轉皆能驅動的或空轉功能，廣泛應用於工具機、電動工具、運動設備與自動化傳動系統中。本研究旨在設計一種應用於電動車門驅動器之機構裝置，其能實現車門於任意開啟角度下皆能穩定且可靠地傳遞驅動動力，並於突發狀況下，提供使用者以直覺的方式在電動與手動間切換操作的能力。為達成此一目標，首先會基於齒輪嚙合原理設計並建立一具鼓形齒面的齒輪模型，用以有效將驅動馬達所產生之動力導入至超越式離合器。接著，運用有限元素法（Finite Element Method， FEM）軟體對鼓形齒輪進行齒面接觸分析（Tooth Contact Analysis， TCA），評估其在特定之開啟角度下的接觸壓力與應力分布，以確保具備良好的傳動誤差與結構強度。最後，為進一步探討車門驅動器於實際運動過程中之動態行為，使用多體動力學（Multibody Dynamics， MBD）模擬軟體 MSC.ADAMS 建構包含滾珠式雙向超越離合器之完整機構模型，分析其在不同幾何設計與操作條件下的傳動特性與電動手動切換行為。模擬中特別著重於在電機驅動狀態下可隨時進行手動介入之能力，藉以評估其電動與手動切換功能時的可行性與穩定性，並作為未來應用於車門驅動裝置設計的理論依據與實務參考。;The ball-type overrunning clutch is a transmission component widely used in mechanical power systems， offering advantages such as simple structure， rapid response， and high transmission efficiency. Compared to traditional ratchet-type or sprag-type designs， the ball-type overrunning clutch utilizes a rolling contact mechanism that not only ensures stable power transmission but also effectively reduces friction losses and mechanical wear. Its dynamic performance is critical to the overall stability and efficiency of the system. Furthermore， when applied in bidirectional transmission designs， it enables both forward and reverse drive or overrunning functionality， making it highly applicable to machine tools， power tools， fitness equipment， and various automated transmission systems. This study aims to design a mechanical device for use in electric vehicle (EV) door actuators， capable of reliably transmitting drive power at any opening angle of the door， while also allowing users to intuitively switch between electric and manual operation in emergency situations. To achieve this， a crowned gear model is first developed based on gear meshing principles， serving to effectively transmit the motor′s output torque to the overrunning clutch. Subsequently， finite element method (FEM) software is used to perform Tooth Contact Analysis (TCA) on the crowned gear， evaluating contact pressure and stress distribution under specific opening angles to ensure adequate transmission performance and structural strength. Finally， to further investigate the clutch′s dynamic behavior during operation， the multibody dynamics (MBD) simulation software MSC.ADAMS is employed to construct a complete mechanism model incorporating the bidirectional ball-type overrunning clutch. The model is used to analyze the transmission characteristics and electric-manual switching behavior under various geometric and operating conditions. Special attention is given to the system’s ability to allow manual intervention at any time during electric motor operation， assessing the feasibility and stability of the clutch′s dual-mode switching functionality. The results serve as both a theoretical foundation and a practical reference for future EV door actuator design.
