| 摘要: | 銀行在整體經濟活動中扮演信用中介的角色，已成為消費金融領域的主要領航者。銀行平常倚賴個人及家庭提供存款作為資金來源，客戶有資金需要時，則會前往存款銀行告貸。根據最近的研究報告顯示，消費性放款已躋身為授信業務中獲利最高的項目。惟就另一方面言，消費性放款堪稱授信業務中間接成本最高、風險最大的項目；因為該業務的貸放對象為『個人』，其財務狀況極易受到疾病及失業等等因素影響。因此，銀行必需更重視消費者放款業務授信品質，同時強化資產負債管理，方能在適度的風險承擔下獲取合理利潤。 臺灣的房地產歷經了幾次較大的景氣變動，促成房地產價格節節上升，甚至飆漲，直接影響住宅貸款者的負擔，購屋資金龐大至愈來愈需要仰賴金融機構的住宅貸款。根據中央銀行九十七年最新統計資料顯示，3月底止有高達四兆六千四百四十六億元的住宅貸款，消費者貸款的69.48%；房屋修繕貸款八千四百九十九億元則占消費者貸款的12.71 %，兩者合計高達消費者貸款的82.19 %，充分顯示住宅貸款為消費金融業務主要的獲利來源。 為了因應住宅貸款業務的激烈競爭及滿足購屋者之需求，金融機構莫不採取高授信額度、低申貸資格的經營策略，以創造高市場佔有率及利潤。於是有『二胎房貸』、『淨值貸款』出現，該產品異於一般傳統房貸，結合信用額度，提供更有彈性與週轉性之資金；但近幾年來國內經濟景氣持續低迷，導致金融機構逾期放款的激增，承作住宅貸款業務的風險也就不斷增加。 本研究以『分行』為研究對象，對授信業務之淨值貸款與二胎房貸進行探討，並利用ANOVA分析及回歸分析；實證結果顯示：與逾放比有關的自變數「淨值貸款餘額」、「二胎房貸餘額」、「淨值貸款佔全部放款的比率」、「二胎房貸佔全部放款的比率」、「存放比率」、「損失準備之提存量」與「分行區域位置」有顯著差異。 Banks play the role of credit intermediary in overall economic activities, and have become the pioneer in consumer finance. Banks usually rely on individuals and households to provide deposits as sources of funding; meanwhile, individuals and households also finance from banks when they need loans. According to the latest institutional reports showed that consumer finance has been one of the highest profitable items in credit business. However, consumer finance is called “the item” of highest indirect cost and the biggest risk due to it’s lent to individuals whose financial situations are vulnerable to disease, unemployment and so on. Therefore, banks need to pay more attention to consumers’ financial credit qualities, and strengthen the management of assets and liabilities in order to obtain reasonable profits under taking moderate risks. Real estates’ prices change for several times in economic cycle in Taiwan, and they make the price of real estates rising and even soaring. Therefore, the prices directly impact on the borrower’s burden of housing loans. Finally the borrowers need to rely on the housing loans from banks. According to the latest statistics of Taiwan central bank show that there are as much as 4.6 trillion NTD of housing loans accounted for 69.48 percent of consumer loans; as much as 849.9 billion NTD of housing repair loans accounted for 12.71 percent of consumer loans, and the above are accounted for 82.19 percent of consumer loans at the end of March, 2008. It’s obviously that housing loans is major profit source in consumer finance. To satisfy the highly competition of housing loans business and the needs of house purchaser, banks have to take business strategy of higher credit limits and lower borrowers’ qualities to create high market shares and make more profits. Therefore, there are “Second Lien Loans” and “Home Equity Loans” in the market, they are different from traditional mortgages with credit, and provide more flexibility and liquidity of loans. However, the domestic economy remains in recession in recent years, leading to the overdue loans of banks surged and the risks of housing loans continuing increased. In this study, 'branches' are investigated to their “Home Equity Loans” and “Second Lien Loans” with using ANOVA and regression analysis. Empirical results show that: overdue loan ratios have significant relationship to do with self-related variances such as "the loans balance of second lien loans/ loans", "the loans balance of home equity loans/ loans", "saving-loan ratios", "deposit-saving ratios", and "regional branches location". |
