| 摘要: | 1990年代知識經濟的來臨，產業群聚議題受到各界的熱切探討。然而只透過專業資訊、技術和輔助性機構之聚集，並無法表示產業群聚必定會帶來產業的成功發展。為此，Porter(1990)的鑽石理論模型以及Saxenian(1994)的產業網絡觀點指出一個產業群聚的環境因素之重要性，解釋了傳統群聚無法說明的現象。由於過去學者認為這些環境因素必定有其形成背景與原因，並非無中生有，其可能透過政府的力量促成、抑或是企業合作聯盟的策略選擇等，故本研究將深入探討區域中個體是如何創造出良好的環境因素，進一步提升當地的群聚價值。 根據Etzkowitz與Leydesdorff(2002)之研究，他們指出政府、學術界與產業界為三大創新主體，其對創新能力與績效具有決定性的影響力。因此，本文採用產官學三螺旋分析方法，藉此觀察在歐洲表現優異的Eindhoven區域之創新系統。在回顧分析該區一百多年來的發展歷史之後，本研究發現當地的產、官、學彼此之間的互動模式並非如出一轍：早期原先是由領導企業所驅動，到了1990年代轉為政府主導。然而在發展過程中，無論主驅動力之角色變更與否並非如此的重要，因為該區之所以能真正獲得成功，則是在於產、官、學三者之間持續地相輔相成的整合過程中所產生出的互補性功能，因此能不斷地促進該區的成長與發展。 During 1990s, the knowledge-based economy times, the issue of clusters has been more popular. However, only through the gathering of professional information, technical and auxiliary organizations can not mean it is sure to create success.To explain this phenomenon which traditional theories can not solve, the Diamond Theory of Porter (1990) and the Industrial Network of Saxenian (1994) point out the importance of environmental factors. In the past, scholars believe that these environmental factors have itself background and reasons, which may be due to the government's efforts, corporate alliances, and so on. So, this study will explore how the individuals in a region create good environmental factors, and enhance local value of the cluster. Etzkowitz and Leydesdorff (2002) pointed out that the government, academia and industry are three major individuals for innovation. Therefore, this paper takes Triple Helix to analyze the innovation system of Eindhoven regional which has outstanding performance in Europe. After reviewing its 100 years history, this study found that the trajectory of the relationship within the government, academia and industry is not unchanged. At first, the innovation leader is the industry, until 1990s it became the government. However, it is not important that who the main driving role is. The region is able to be successful due to the complementary function during their integrated process. That is why Eindhoven region can continue to promote itself development and value. |
