本文以Leopold大地社群的概念為思想背景，延伸其社會倫理演化的方向，反省現代社會對自然環境依賴與對立的關係。在研究進路上，我採取Holmes Rolston對自然價值的十四項說明，並透過Talcott Parsons社會行動理論的借引，企圖說明人在環境倫理的考量下，其價值觀與其行動可能向度。再就當代環境問題個案的引用，勾勒出價值、行動與實際的環境議題的相互影響。另外，就行動引發環境問題的後果與效應的反思，而主張吾人在環境倫理學的範疇裡討論價值與道德行動時，必須以整全生態區位的前提，反省人類價值觀與行動的適合性。 人類造成的環境問題來自於人類對待自然的價值觀，並形成環境是否永續的基礎。「永續發展」是近年來人類的社會發展主要訴求。然而，人類依環境倫理考量的「永續性」作為人類行動的價值依據，其蘊含著納入人類行動目的、後果與效應的考量。人類社會的永續發展奠基於自然環境樣態維護，因此以永續性為價值的行動，其依據的原則必須以「生態區位」合適性為必要預設，通過審慎的評估與考量，顧及現在與未來世代生活的基本需求，有限度地開發自然資源，發展新科技以降低人類活動對環境的負面影響。 With Aldo Leopold’s concept of land-community in mind, I rethink the dependent and opposing relationships between contemporary human society and Nature in the context of his evolution of ethical sequence. The theory that guides my path of research is based on 14 items of value of Nature proposed by Holmes Rolston, III. Another theory of social action by Talcott Parsons is also used to explain human’s conception of value and its possible action dimensions in the discussion of environmental ethic. I apply a few examples of contemporary environmental studies to describe the interaction between human value, action and environmental problems. Considering the environmental effects on human action, I deem it is necessary to rethink the appropriateness of human value and action under the premise of a holistic ecological niche in the discussion of human value and moral action within the category of environmental ethics. The environmental problems done by humans come from the value humans hold in the treatment of Nature. This value lays the foundation of environmental sustainability. Recently, the sustainable development has become a major concern of human social development. It is necessary to embrace the kind of sustainability that carries a strong environmental concern to serve as the base of the value of human action. Based on this kind of sustainability, the purpose, the consequence and the effect of human action could be appropriately measured. It is because that the sustainable development of human society is grounded on the preservation of natural environment, every human action that accords to the value of sustainability needs to follow the principle which assumes the appropriateness of ecological niche. By means of scrupulous assessments and in consideration of the basic needs of contemporary and future generations, I strongly suggest we need to restrict our exploitation of natural resources and develop new technology to reduce the negative effects human action has done on natural environment.
