本研究之目的為探討失衡路況對脊髓損傷患者於駕車能力上所造成的影響，並比較其與正常人間的差異性。研究方法為先建立殘障駕駛模擬器，再以虛擬實境實驗方式進行。殘障駕駛模擬器安裝於單軸氣壓平台上，可模擬車輛行駛於坡道以及剎車時之角度變化。再加裝重心量測平台於駕駛座上，以量測受測者的重心變化。油門與剎車踏板處改裝連桿機構作為SCI患者之操控界面，使其可用左手控制油門及煞車。實驗之受測者為脊髓損傷且上肢健全者3人，損傷範圍為T12到T4，正常人10人，年齡範圍為20到54歲，皆領有駕駛執照並有上路經驗。實驗時將受測者分為Normal組與SCI組。實驗項目包括受測者平衡能力量測，學習性實驗及虛擬道路事件實驗。虛擬道路事件實驗為模擬於市區道路中所常面臨之路況，包括交通號誌，路障，坡道等。實驗過程中記錄受測者的駕駛行為表現，再透過統計方法進行資料的分析。結果顯示SCI患者即使在有安全防護措施下，於較大前傾角度若無雙手扶持支撐仍會失衡。學習性實驗中，受測者皆可達到學習性趨勢，其中SCI患者有比正常人較差之車輛行進穩定控制能力，且平均時速較正常人低。於虛擬市區道路場景中，上下坡、坡道角度與群組間對重心位置標準差和範圍有交互影響。 The purpose of this research is to understand the effect of unbalanced roads on driving performance of spinal cord injury (SCI) drivers. The author built a driving simulator, then proceeded several experiments. The uniaxial barometrical plate on which the driving simulator was settled could simulate the long-axial orientation of the simulated car when driving on inclination and braking. And a gravitation measuring plate settled on driving seat could measure the change of gravitation of subjects. Subjects were 10 normals and 3 SCIs with able upper limbs whose damage range was T12 to T4. Experiments included balance ability measuring, learning and virtual road events. The subjects' driving behaviors were recorded during the experimental process, then analyzed statistically. The results show that SCI drivers still lost balance under larger fore inclination when they didn’t have hand supports even though the safe protection was applied. SCI's stably car-control ability was inferior to Normal's. In virtual road events experiment, there were significant interactions to gravitation position of subjects by up-down-grade, inclinations and groups.
