| 摘要: | 道路工程為我國重要的公共工程，其施工品質與民生息息相關，近年來土木工程技術快速發展，道路主管機關訂定相關技術規範，提昇道路工程之規劃、設計與施工工程等技術。無論是新建、整修或拓寬道路工程，可由道路的結構、工法、及各種新鋪面材料研發，選擇最佳的路面設計，並於經由施工品質控制，及完工的成效評估，可提供使用者平坦、舒適、順暢的道路。但是民生管線單位因業務需求進行管線埋設、維修、遷移等工程，進行挖掘鋪設管線設施，因未遵循規範確實進行回填作業，壓密度無法達成規範規定，形成回填不實道路下陷，或管線孔蓋埋設不當，造成路面凹凸不平，降低道路原設計之服務水準。 本研究主要針對人手孔週邊材料做力學行為分析，採用三維有限元素軟體 Solidworks，建置人孔裝置與鋪面結構系統，考慮在固定軸重、胎壓下，受到不同人手孔週邊材料裁切寬度、不同車速及不同輪胎規格之影響，模擬結構系統在各種條件下受到動態載重之情形，以及造成週邊材料破壞之原因，尋求人手孔週邊材料之最佳裁切寬度，和不同車速和重車輪徑對材料之影響，期待能降低人手孔對道路平坦度影響。 研究結果發現四個不同裁切寬度之間有分明的趨勢，應力大小的分佈大致上是 d40>d30>d20>d10，當人手孔週邊之裁切寬度加寬時，材料所受到之水平應力及垂直應力皆有增加之趨勢，裁切寬度10cm之週邊材料在相同車輪載重下所受到之應力值最小，且大小較不隨車速快慢而改變，故10cm應該是人手孔週邊材料最理想之裁切寬度，但在埋設人孔裝置時，實際之週邊之裁切寬度尚需要對照施工工作度與材料特性上取一適當之平衡值去做裁切及修補。另外，週邊材料之水平張應變與垂直壓應變皆發生在底層邊界，代表材料破壞時會先從底層開始，造成修補上之困難，故在埋設裝置時，應加強材料底層之回填及壓實。 The road engineering is an important public works for our country, its construction quality is closely linked with the livelihood of the people, in recent years, the civil engineering technology developed very fast, the path Controlling organization scheduled the correlation technique standard, promoted technologies and so on road engineering plan, design and construction work. Regardless of being newly built, the renovation or expands the road engineering, may by path's structure, the labor law, and each kind of new paving material research and development, chooses the best pavement design, and in by way of the construction quality control, the result appraisal which and finishes, may provide the user smoothly, comfortable, the smooth of pavement. But because the livelihood of the people pipeline unit the service demand carries on projects and so on pipeline embedment, service, migration, carries on the excavation to lay down the pipeline facility, because has not followed the standard to carry on the backfill work truly, presses the density to be unable to achieve the standard to stipulate, forms the backfill not solid path to undercut, or the hole of pipeline installs underground improper, causes the road surface to be uneven, reduces the service level of pavement original design. This research mainly aims at the manhole peripheral material behavioral analysis, uses three dimensional finite element software Solidworks, establishes the manhole installment and pavement structure system, considered the axial load, receives the different manhole peripheral material width, the different vehicle speed and the different tyre size influence, to simulate structure system of dynamic load under each kind of condition, seeks the best width of manhole peripheral material, reduces the influence of manhole to the pavement. The research discovered that between four different widths has the distinct tendency, the stress distribution is d40>d30>d20>d10, when manhole peripheral width broaden, the material receives the level stress and the vertical stress all has increases the tendency, when the width at 10cm, the peripheral material receives the stress value under the same axial load is the smallest, therefore the 10cm width should be the manhole peripheral material most ideal width. In addition, the tensile and compressive strains of peripheral material all occurs in the bottom layer boundary, represents the material destruction will start from the bottom layer, therefore when embedment installment, should reinforce the backfill and the compaction of the bottom layer. |
