| 摘要: | 生物處理程序主要是利用反應槽中各不同微生物的代謝特性，以分解、去除污水中的有機物質及營養鹽類，故微生物菌種與處理效果息息相關。而由於傳統分析方法有許多缺點，故本文將利用以16S rDNA為基礎的分子生物技術，探討在實廠、A2O模廠及TNCU-I模廠的處理程序中，微生物菌群的結構、菌種的變化及其所佔比例等等，藉以對生物處理程序有更進一步的了解。 由實驗結果顯示，在各樣本的菌群結構方面，皆以相似於Proteobacteria的菌株所佔比例最大，最少的A2O為47.4 %，最多的TNCU-I活性污泥則有63.3 %。另外，在Proteobacteria的各分枝中，屬於alpha-subclass的菌株在四個樣本中均未出現，而屬於Beta-subclass的菌株，在營養鹽處理程序中為主要菌群，但在民生廠實廠中則明顯減少。Gamma-subclass在四個樣本中所在比例差異不大，均在14.6 %∼21.6 %之間。 而文獻中較少提及的Delta-subclass則僅在TNCU-I活性污泥中有發現，至於Epsilon-subclass在營養鹽處理程序中出現的比例並不高，但在民生廠活性污泥中卻多達23.4 %。至於CFB group，在民生廠則有21.5 %。 在菌種比較方面，除了在民生廠活性污泥外，其餘三個樣本皆可以發現Nitrospira group的存在，可見Nitrospira group確實較易在營養鹽處理程序中生長，另外在RBC生物膜上尚發現Nitrosomonas屬的存在，故推論RBC確實提供了硝化菌較多的生長空間。 在水質實驗的結果中顯示，A2O模廠除氮效率為63.2 %，TNCU-I則 為82.9 %，兩模廠的除磷效率更是高達100 %，而由菌相分析的結果亦顯示，在A2O污泥與TNCU-I污泥中，相關於除氮及除磷的真細菌皆佔有相當的比例。 另外，在TNCU-I活性污泥中，菌相分析的結果顯示有脫硝除磷菌的存在，且比例高達13.2 %，再配合水質分析的數據，可以發現，流經厭氧槽的PO4，有47 %會在缺氧槽中被攝取，證實了在TNCU-I的污泥中，確實存在著脫硝除磷菌。 The microorganisms are very important in the biological nutrient removal (BNR) process due to the directly degradation of nutrient from wastewater. Different microorganism has its own metabolism, i.e., to degrade different substrate. Thus, to understand the microbial diversity of a BNR process is necessary. Since the traditional microorganism analytical method has lots of bias, this dissertation utilizes the 16S rDNA molecular biotechnology to investigate the microbial diversity of several wastewater treatment processes, include a municipal wastewater treatment plant, an A2O pilot plant and a TNCU-I pilot plant. The result showed that the Proteobacteria was the predominant bacteria in all samples, that is 47.4%, and 63.3% in A2O and TNCU-I process, respectively. The beta-subclass of Proteobacteria was the most predominant one in A2O and TNCU-I processes, but not in municipal wastewater treatment plant. The Gamma-subclass was predominant in all samples in a range of 14.6% to 21.6 %. No alpha-subclass was identified in all samples. The Delta-subclass was only observed in TNCU-I activated sludge. The epsilon-subclass was minor in the BNR process but was predominant in municipal wastewater treatment plant that is about 23.4 %. Furthermore, all the BNR samples could observe the genus Nitrospira and genus Nitrosospira. The genus Nitrosomonas was also observed in RBC biofilm. As the nitrogen removal performance of A2O and TNCU-I was 63.2% and 82.9 % respectively, a certain bacteria were identified as nitrogen removal bacteria in both two processes. Additionally, lots of bacteria were identified as phosphate removal bacteria, corresponding to the phosphate removal efficiency of 100% in both processes.The result showed that the nitrifier, denitrifier and phosphate removal bacteria could be observed in TNCU-I process, corresponding to the excellent nitrogen and phosphate removal efficiencies. Among the phosphate removal bacteria in TNCU-I process, 13.2% of total bacteria were identified as DNPAO-like bacteria, which could uptake phosphate under anoxic condition by using nitrate as electron acceptor. |
