以Microtox檢測方法評估實際廢水生物毒性之研究; Use of Microtox Tests to Assess Acute Toxicity in Practical Wastewater

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题名:	以Microtox檢測方法評估實際廢水生物毒性之研究;Use of Microtox Tests to Assess Acute Toxicity in Practical Wastewater
作者:	邱舜稜;Shun-Leng Chiou
贡献者:	環境工程研究所
关键词:	綜合工業廢水;生物毒性;Microtox;Biolog;減毒;Microtox;acute toxicity;industrial wastewater;Biolog identification;detoxification
日期:	2002-07-04
上传时间:	2009-09-21 12:14:36 (UTC+8)
出版者:	國立中央大學圖書館
摘要:	本研究利用Microtox檢測技術，調查都市污水處理廠、綜合工業區污水處理廠及科學園區污水處理廠等實際廢水的生物毒性，評估生物及化學混凝等處理程序的減毒效果，同時，本研究亦分析Microtox檢測值與一般水質參數之相關性，以瞭解廢水生物毒性的主要來源；此外，本研究藉由Biolog菌種鑑定法，調查各處理廠生物單元的菌相，以進一步評估廢水生物毒性對生物處理單元菌相的影響。實驗結果顯示，都市污水處理廠因添加次氯酸鈉作為消毒劑，致使放流水呈現較高的生物毒性，其中，Microtox毒性單位TU5min及TU15min的最大值分別為21.7及28.6。科學園區污水處理廠可能由於水中有毒物質濃度偏低，致使進出流水均測得無生物毒性。此外，綜合工業區污水處理廠進流廢水大致上具有低生物毒性，惟採樣期間亦曾監測到高生物毒性的進流水，TU5min及TU15min最高分別達6.1及9.7，但本廠放流水皆呈現低生物毒性。值得注意的是，綜合工業區污水處理廠之活性污泥程序具有明顯的減毒功能，最大之TU5min 及TU 15min單元減毒效率可達71%及63%。純氧曝氣程序亦具有減毒效果，但是減毒功能並不穩定，推測應是活性污泥濃度偏低及HRT不足等因素所造成。另外，綜合工業區污水處理廠之新廠化混程序並不具減毒功能，化混程序出流水的生物毒性反而有增加的現象，最大之TU5min 及TU 15min分別為4.4及5.1，推測主要為混凝劑PAC添加過量所致。本研究中，各採樣點TU5min與TU15min具良好的相關性（R2=0.89），因此建議Microtox檢測時間可縮短為5分鐘。另外，綜合工業區污水廠活性污泥程序出流水中DOC與TU15min之相關係數達0.86，出流水DOC增加時，毒性呈下降之趨勢，因此有機物並非毒性來源。新廠化混程序出流水中，TDS與TU值亦具有相關性，當混凝劑添加量較大時，造成溶解性固體濃度增加，致使廢水之生物毒性亦隨之提高。 Biolog菌種鑑定結果發現，都市污水廠生物單元的菌相分布，呈現集中的情形，僅存在一優勢菌屬Aeromonas spp.，而綜合工業區生物單元的主要優勢菌屬則包含Acinetobacter spp.、Burkholderia spp.及Pseudomonas spp.等，且當TU5min及TU15min分別為3.8及6.7，具有較高生物毒性時，上述三種菌屬的存在比例亦會有明顯增加的現象。 The objectives of this study were intended to investigate the acute toxicity of practical wastewater in one municipal treatment plant, industrial treatment plant and science-based industrial treatment plant by the Microtox tests. Moreover, the detoxification of biological processes and chemical coagulation processes were understood, and the primary source of acute toxicity was determined by means of linear regression for several parameters of water quality and toxicity unit (TU) of Microtox tests. Furthermore, this study also identified bacteria of biological processes by Biolog identification and then investigated the effect of acute toxicity on the microbial community. Results indicated the effluent of municipal treatment plant exhibited high acute toxicity because NaOCl was used as the disinfectant, and the maximum value of TU5min and TU15min was 21.7 and 28.6, respectively. In addition, none of acute toxicity was identified in the wastewater of science-base industrial treatment plant because the toxic compounds were suggested to be at very low concentration. The acute toxicity of influent and effluent was generally low in the industrial treatment plant even high acute toxicity was once observed in the influent. Moreover, the activated sludge process (ASP) has obvious performance of detoxification. The maximum reduction of acute toxicity in TU5min and TU15min was estimated to be 71% and 63%, respectively. Pure oxygen activated sludge process also has the function of detoxification. However, the performance of detoxification was unstable due to low concentration of MLSS and inadequate HRT. Notably, the function of detoxification was not observed in one chemical coagulation process of industrial treatment plant. The acute toxicity of industrial wastewater increased due to overdosage of coagulant PAC. The maximum value of TU5min and TU15min was 4.4 and 5.1 in the effluent of chemical coagulation process, respectively. Additionally, there was a fine correlation of linear regression between the value of TU5min and TU15min in each sample. Thus, the time of Microtox tests could be shorten to 5 min. For the industrial treatment plant, the values of TU15min and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) also exhibited 0.86 of correlation coefficient in the effluent of ASP. Also, the value of TU increased with the increase of total dissolved solid (TDS) in the effluent of chemical coagulation process. This result showed that the use of PAC increased TDS and then resulted in the increase of acute toxicity. Furthermore, Biolog identification showed Aeromonas spp. was only the predominant bacteria in the ASP of municipal treatment plant. However, Acinetobacter spp., Burkholderia spp. and Pseudomonas spp. was identified as the predominant bacteria in the ASP of industrial treatment plant. The predominant percentage of this three genus of bacteria increased apparently when the TU5min and TU15min increased to 3.8 and 6.7 in the influent of ASP, respectively.
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