| 摘要: | 反應單元、槽體或放流渠道的進流與出流水位與流量是水及廢水處理系統自動控制重要的參數，當自動控制已經成為滿足二十一世紀的要求和需要的水及廢水處理系統的必要條件時，現今的水位與流量自動監測技術依然未被滿足或不合標準在準確度、干擾、穩定度及成本等問題。為了有效的解決這些問題，針對反應單元、槽體或放流渠道發展低成本與高準確性非接觸即時水位與流量量測技術 ，使用消費型的雷射二極體、矩陣性感測元件(網路攝影機)，以及利用三角量測原理的影像處理技術。除了水位與流量外，根據朗伯-比爾定律，影像的光譜資訊用來分析水中懸浮固體的濃度資訊。水位與懸浮固體的原型量測裝置在實驗室自動控制系統連續流序批次反應槽進行測試與驗證。根據實際的測試與驗證結果顯示，CFSBR模廠的水位與水量量測結果平均誤差百分比約為1%(量測範圍60公分)；而CFSBR在厭氧相、好氧相、缺氧相及放流水的SS濃度量測，其平均誤差百分比分別為9.21%、8.06%、7.43%及35.99%(量測範圍最大8000(mg/L)，最小至2(mg/L))，足以說明利用雷射光學影像量測SS濃度具有一定的可行性與正確性，對於一般廢水處理系統來說，不僅可提供即時正確的SS濃度資訊，亦可將即時的SS濃度監測資訊，利用有線或無線網路將即時的資料回傳，作為廢水處理系統預警系統與即時控制之用，以提升廢水處理系統自動化之成效。 The influent and effluent flow rates or the water levels of reactor, tank or conduit are key parameters for automatic control of water and wastewater treatment processes and systems. While automatic control has become a must for water and wastewater treatment systems to meet the requirements and needs of 21st century, the measuring techniques used today for automatic monitoring of flow rate or water level remain unsatisfied or disqualified with accuracy, disturbance, maintenance and cost issues. To effectively solve the problem, a low cost and high accuracy non-contacted real-time water level or flow rate measuring technique was developed for reactor, tank or conduit, using consumer-grade laser diode, CCD camera (i.e. webcam), and image processing with triangulation. In addition to water level or flow rate, the photo spectrum of the image can be used with Beer-Lambert’s law to obtain the concentration of suspended solids. A prototype system was built and tested on a laboratory-scale automatic controlled continuous flow sequential batch reactor (CFSBR).According to real test and verification result, the mean error percentage of water levels and flow rates is about 1% (about 60 cm) in CFSBR reactor; And measuring SS in anaerobic phase、aerobic phase、anoxic phase and effluent flow, its mean error respectively for 9.21% - 8.06% - 7.43% - 35.99% (max 8000 (mg/L), min 2 (mg/L) ). It is enough to explain the amount of laser optical image utilized to measure SS and have certain feasibility and exactness. To process system of the general waste water, can not merely offer immediately correct SS information, can also monitor information of SS immediately, the data immediately will be passed back to utilize the wired or wireless network, as using with controlling immediately of early warning system of process system of waste water, in order to improve the effect of the waste water with automatic process system. |
