| 摘要: | 《莊子》一書具有濃厚的文學性。只要翻開《莊子》一書，就會被那豐贍的文采所吸引，《莊子》一書，意境深遠，文情跌宕，變化莫測，在莊書中，可以看到莊子大量的使用寓言，述說一些它所要表達的事物，並藉這個方式把深奧玄妙的哲理論與生動具體的形象熔於一爐，使抽象的邏輯思想與具體的形象思維結合起來。雜篇中的<寓言>說過，《莊子》的理論，寓言就佔了十分之九，因此要體會《莊子》一書的精要，首先就必須對《莊子》書中的寓言有所了解，「從鯤鵬寓言和堯與許由看莊子的逍遙義」、「惠子與莊子二則與莊子無用之用思想」以及「肩吾問於連叔寓言與至人、神人、聖人、真人」是三個重要主題，分三章論述，並做深層意涵的探討，目的是將<逍遙遊>的主旨顯豁出來，而得莊子生命精神之大要。從這幾個主題入手，是因為大家都知道《莊子》內篇最得莊子真實精神，而<消遙遊>又是內篇中的首篇，最能吸引讀者的目光。由於莊子的思想是一既理性又感性，既超越又內在的本體存在，所以想要體會莊子思想的人，就不能僅由認知的方法來達成目標，莊子認為當時的天下，時局混亂，人心污濁，他的言論恐怕很難為一般人所接受，只好用「巵言」、「重言」和「寓言」做為表述思想的方法。將活潑的「道」體傳達出來，而不是採用直接陳述的方式來表達自己的看法，這也是莊書獨特之處和不容易把握住書中要點的地方。所以想要確切的領會書中的要旨，就必須用心體悟書中的寓言，這樣才能朗現其智慧，進而能夠找出一些哲理，給予現代的人們一些啟示，提供思考及解脫之道，以達到人生的最高境界－自由逍遙界！ <<Zhuang-Zi>> is a book of deep literature. Whoever reads this book will be attracted by its vivid content. <<Zhuang-Zi>> is a book of profound conception, abundant literature portray and whim. In this book, the writer described object what the writer wants to express by using lots of fables. The way that the writer uses fables integrates profound and abstruse philosophies with lively image and analogy so that the abstract logics and philosophies and concrete images and analogy can be combined. The <<Fables>> in the Miscellaneous Chapters mentioned that among the theories of <<Zhong-Zi>>, fables comprise 9 out of 10. Understanding the essence of <<Zhuang-Zi>> shall start from analyzing the fables in the <<Zhuang-Zi>>. <Realizing the meaning of Zhuan-Zi’s free and easy wandering by reading the fables of a legendary and a roc>, <Two citations of Hui-Zi and Zhuang-Zi and the meaning of useless usefulness of Zhuang-Zi> and <The fable of Jian-Wu requested Lian-Shu and Solstice Person, Deity Person, Sacred Person and Reality Person> are three important questions which are depicted in three chapters of this dissertation containing thorough and meaningful discussion. The aim is to express the object of <Free and Easy Wandering> so that the frame of Zhuang-Zi’s life meaning can be addressed. The reasons for analyzing those topics are that the Inner Chapters of <<Zhuang-Zi>> is recognized to own the most of Zhuang-Zi’s philosophies and spirits. <Free and Easy Wandering is the first chapter among the Inner Chapters which can attract the readers’ attention the most. Because Zhuang-Zi’s philosophies are both sensation and sensible with a concrete entity surpassing intrinsic, whoever attempts to realize Zhuang-Zi’s philosophies shall achieve the goal by not only using the method of recognizance. Zhuang-Zi assumes that the in the society in which he lived in, the political was chaotic, and people were greedy. Because his philosophies and spirits could be hardly accepted by the public, he thus used “citation”, “criticism” and “fable” as the methods for expressing his philosophies and spirits. “Tao (or cult)” is thus expressed vividly, instead of using direct description to express his own views. That is reason the book of Zhuang-Zi is so unique and difficult to be grasped its book essence. Realizing the essences of this book can be done by using full attention to understand the fables in this book. The wisdom of this book can be then discovered and some philosophies can be then realized to give modern people some inspiration and to provide methods for thinking and getting freedom to reach the highest state of the human life—free and easy wandering! Keywords: Zhuang-Zi, Free and Easy Wandering, Fable, Argument concerning big and small, Useless usefulness, Solstice Person, Deity Person, Sacred Person and Reality Person. |
