| 摘要: | 十七世紀以來臺灣以特殊的地理位置崛起於東亞，地理決定了臺灣的發展性、經濟性以及國際形象和地位。地理是臺灣一重要課題，清代臺灣古典詩之地位與價值即在於反映了自明鄭至清帝國領臺時期（1661-1895）詩人之集體空間感受，不論是遊宦、羈旅、遺民、寓賢或本土文人皆以不同的視域，將關懷展現在創作裡，由是清代古典詩之研究，有助於了解清代臺灣詩人、仕臺詩人之空間感。 在文學創作中，空間是經常出現的主題或譬喻，地理空間或地理活動不但可以成為文本的主要象徵，也可被當成角色認知的隱喻；而書寫所形成之文本空間亦具有豐富之社會意涵。文學所描述的體驗，包括人與自然或環境的關係、空間感（sense of space）、地方感（sense of place）、與鄉土愛（love for homeland）以及對自然景觀的描述等，本論文以地理書寫作為切入點，主要是以人文地理學為思考途徑，焦點在研究清代詩人地理書寫之空間意識，亦即人對於存在空間之感受，清代臺灣作為中國新入版圖之疆域，有其特殊人文、地理背景，這些人文、地理背景是詩人對臺灣空間意識之共同來源，而這些空間意識，透過地理書寫隱藏於詩篇內，詩歌的分析將使我們理解詩人之空間感受，是故筆者所要探討的是人在生活領域的精神現象。 各章之書寫以詩歌分析為主導，輔以歷史文獻，考察詩作之內、外部結構，在處理方法上，將四個主題統一於詩人對臺灣土地之「空間感受」（空間意識、精神現象）；在操作程序上，採取章節分論，最後會歸於每章第四節，各章最後小節其實安排結論，不過在名目上仍以「遇/不遇」、「安/不安」、「寓/不寓」和「化/不化」以突顯出章節議題。各章考察主題分述： （一）宦 / 遊：宦遊文人之地理書寫 以屈原之神話想像作為切入點，研究宦遊文人宦遊臺灣之空間意識，探討其「遇與不遇」之政治心理。 （二）景觀 / 觀景：臺灣府八景詩之地理書寫 由想像、聽覺描寫和視覺描寫，研究詩人觀看臺灣山水所反應之存在現象（生命感、精神現象），探討其精神現象之「安與不安」。 （三）人 / 地：五妃、寧靖王和延平郡王之地理書寫 由詩人對五妃、寧靖王和延平郡王的民族精神之闡揚，研究詩人對於臺灣土地之認同感，探討其「寓與不寓」之臺灣生活。 （四）漢 / 番：原住民之地理書寫 由詩人對原住民生活領域之空間認知，探討帝國「化與不化」之治臺心理，以研究詩人治臺心理。 在前二、三、四和五章之論述基礎下，論文第六章提出結論，達成清代臺灣古典詩之地理書寫反應的是詩人尋求「生命安頓」的文化表現。 Because of its particular geographical location, Taiwan, an island in East Asia, has emerged into world history since the 17th century. The geographical setting is very important for Taiwan, because it decides the development, the economy and the international image and status of this island. And the classic poetry of Taiwan in Ching Dynasty is worth studying because it reflects the collective sense of space and geographic cognition of the poets in the Chinese Empire Taiwan-ruling period from Ming-Zheng Dynasty to Ching Dynasty (1661-1895). All of the writers of the classic poetry of Taiwan, including officers and tourists from Mainland China, remains of Ming Dynasty, inhabitants and Taiwan natives, have revealed their cares for their lives and this land in their works from different perspectives. Therefore, studying the classic poetry of Taiwan in Ching Dynasty can help us understand the sense of space of the native and having-been-to-Taiwan Chinese poets of that period. Space is a familiar theme or imagery in the literature. The geographic space or the activities and events happening in it could not only be the primary symbols in the literary texts, but also be the metaphor of the cognitive horizons of literary characters. The textual space formed by writing is hence abundant in social contextual meanings. The experience of space described in the literature includes the relations between human beings and nature or their environments, human beings’ sense of space, sense of place, love for homeland, and descriptions of landscapes. Studying from the view of geographic writing and with the leading ideas of human geography, this thesis focused on the space consciousness, that is, the sense of the existing-in-space or the being-in-the-world, implied in the geographic writings of the poets in Ching Dynasty. Taiwan is a new territory of Chinese Empire in Ching Dynasty and has its own particular human and physical geographical setting, which has formed the common source of the poets’ space consciousness of Taiwan. The space consciousness of the poets reveals or conceals itself in their geographic writings and we can understand their sense of space through analyzing these works. Therefore, the attempt of this thesis is to inquire the spiritual phenomena of the being-in-the-living-world. The writing of the main chapters is guided by poetic analysis and assisted by referring to historical materials to study the intrinsic and extrinsic structure of the poems. Methodologically, the four topics of the main chapters are united in the discourses of the space consciousness (the sense of space and the spiritual phenomena) of the poets; operationally, each chapter is divided into four sections and results in the final (4th) section, which is in fact the conclusion of each chapter, but for emphasizing the topics, it bears separately the name of “to be favored or not to be favored”, “to be comfortable or not to be comfortable”, “to inhabit or not to inhabit” and “to civilize or not to civilize”. The topics of four main chapters are as follows: A. Take Office / Make Tour: The Geographic Writings of Having-been-to-Taiwan Chinese Poets as officers or tourists Studying from the view of Chu Yuan’s mythological imaginations, this chapter researches the space consciousness of having-been-to-Taiwan Chinese poets as officers or tourists and inquires their political mentality of “to be favored or not to be favored”. B. Landscapes / Sightseeing: The Geographic Writings of the Eight-landscape Poetry in Taiwan County Through analyzing the imaginations, the auditory and optical descriptions in the poems, this chapter studies the poets’ living phenomena (the sense of living and spiritual phenomena) reflected in their viewpoints of landscapes in Taiwan County and inquires their “to be comfortable or not to be comfortable” in their consciousness. C. Characters / Land: The Geographic Writings of Five Princesses, Price Ning-Jing and Prince of Yan-Ping Through studying the poets’ admirations of the figures of Five Princesses, Price Ning-Jing and Prince of Yan-Ping, this chapter inquires the recognition of the land and “to inhabit or not to inhabit” of the poets. D. Chinese / Barbarians: The Geographic Writings of the Aborigines Through studying the poets’ geographic cognition of the living areas of the aborigines, this chapter inquires the imperial ruling attitude of “to civilize or not to civilize”. Based on the discourses of the second, the third, the fourth and the fifth chapters, the sixth chapter arrived at the conclusion of this thesis: the geographic writings of the classic poetry of Taiwan in Ching Dynasty reflect the poets’ cultural mentality of seeking for settling themselves. |
