中國古代英雄神話研究; The Research on Hero’s Mythos in Ancient China

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题名:	中國古代英雄神話研究;The Research on Hero’s Mythos in Ancient China
作者:	賴悅珊;Yuei-Shan Lai
贡献者:	中國文學研究所
关键词:	黃帝;夸父;三王;后羿;盤古;女媧;英雄;伏羲;中國;神話;hero Mythos China
日期:	2006-06-09
上传时间:	2009-09-22 09:16:27 (UTC+8)
出版者:	國立中央大學圖書館
摘要:	論文提要中國古代英雄神話研究研究生：賴悅珊國立中央大學中文研究所指導教授：李國俊老師神話是人類自古以來最美的幻想，也是初民以心靈解釋宇宙萬物的方法。神話離不開人的創造，而能成為神話中書寫的角色人物，則是眾人中少數的優秀者：英雄。英雄的種類形形色色，但他們都來自於人的觀念，也就是說，人的思想和價值觀，決定了英雄的模式、典型。而在不同文化背景下的人，所形成的思想、價值觀不同。因此，造成中西神話中對英雄的評價不同，不同的評價使崇拜模倣取向跟著不同，也使中西方的神話英雄重視點有別。人們的思想集結，在歷史中，是由無數的哲學家為我們做出統整，後人繼承思想時，產生不同的評斷，這評斷使他們看待過去固有神話的眼光改變，於是用新的思想下的價值觀重新解釋神話。坎伯說：「神話是眾人的夢，夢是現實的神話。」這句話，正說明人、神話跟現實之間的關聯。於是：神話、反應思想、集結為哲學、哲學思想再詮釋、新型神話產生，這個循環模式就在過去的歷史文獻中，隨著時代的變化呈現於我們眼前。如同人類學分析生物衍變一樣：同樣物種在不同環境下，會逐漸跟著環境演變。原始神話，也在不同的哲學思想中，發展出不一樣的英雄型態。本論文共有四章，緒論章先以目前既有的神話學研究為基礎，定出本文的研究範圍、方法跟英雄類型，以確定神話跟哲學思想形成確有相關性。第一到第四章，以英雄類型在中國神話中取材，找出為什麼在中國神話中會有這種類型的英雄產生；並根據西方主流神話做比較，了解為什麼在中國哲學思想下，會產生屬於中國型的神話英雄，及他們所具有的價值意義何在。在最後，統合各類英雄的意義，了解中國神話演變中所反映的思想，及為什麼會成就中國的獨特文化。中國是現今僅存數千年文化不變的文明古國，中國的思想建立和文化觀和歷史密不可分。而集結初民思想的神話跟哲學重新詮釋間的交互作用加強了文化穩定成長。在新的社會，新的哲學成形中，我們可以再度詮釋出屬於我們的新神話，並找出能數千年不衰的積極面，讓中國英雄能在新世代中重建屬於恆久至善的代表，成為人們心靈的依歸及效法目標。 Paper abstract The Research on Hero’s Mythos in Ancient China National Central University, Department of Chinese Literature Graduator: Lai Yuen-Shan Professor: Sir Li Gue-Jun Mythos is the most beautiful illusion and incredible method, which explain the universe from the ancient time. Mythos and human being exist at the some time. The human who play a role in mythos is the greatest and called: hero. There are many kinds of heroes, but they are from the viewpoints of people, that is, the thoughts and values of hymen mold hero’s archetype. The people from different cultural backgrounds have different thoughts and values. Therefore, it is the most emphasized point that discriminate Chinese mythos from westerns. Deeply speaking, different values on heroes result in different tendencies to adore or imitate. The numerous philosophers combine people’s thoughts, and when the descendants succeed the thoughts, they have different judgments. Owing to these judgments, the descendants replace the old insights with new values to explain mythos once more. Campbell (Joseph Campbell) said that, "Dreams are private myths, myths are public dreams." (In The Hero with Thousand Face). Thereupon: The myth -> response thought -> builds up for the philosophy -> philosophy thought again annotation -> new myth production, this circle in the past historical literature, presents with the time change to us. It is like biological revolution, which the anthropology analyzes that same creatures in different environments will evolve gradually. Therefore, the first Mythos will change into different hero’s archetype because of different philosophical thoughts. The paper has six chapters: chapter I, I confirm the range of the research, methods to research and hero’s archetype to insure the relation between mythos and philosophic thought. From chapter II to chapter V, I obtain the materials of hero’s archetype from Chinese mythos to find out why China mythos has this of heroes. In addition, I compare Chinese mythos with western and understand Chinese heroes along with their values. Finally, I integrate all kinds of significance of heroes and the thoughts the evolvement of Chinese mythos reflect to understand what accomplish Chinese unique culture. China is the only ancient cultural nation existing the present. The establishment of Chinese thoughts is inseparable from cultural viewpoint and history. Combining mythos with philosophy force the growth of cultural steady. We can interpret our new mythos in the new society and discover the optimistic side that through thousands of years it still maintain. Chinese heroes can symbolize eternity and idea in new generation, and become human’s adscription of mind along with destination to imitate.
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