| 摘要: | 摘要 在現代化的脈絡下，本文試圖探索文化研究中的嶄新領域—睡眠的文化研究，我將文章的重點放在檢視現代台灣人睡眠習慣及睡眠觀念的改變，以及討論此種改變的意義。 透過重新閱讀各種歷史素材、現代理論、以及媒體對睡眠議題的呈現，我認為現代台灣人的睡眠習慣以及睡眠觀念已發生巨大改變，這種改變表現在幾方面－－首先，台灣社會對時間運用的分化日趨細密，屬於工作的時間和屬於休息的時間中間已存在一條明顯的界線。也因此，會耽誤到個人工作的「睡眠異常」(如夜間失眠，日間昏沉)則變成需要藉由藥物以及不同商品矯正的錯誤行為。另一方面，觀念上的革新，尤其是禮貌與工作倫理較先前更為被重視，使得行為得體成為一種美德、而工作更是被視為重要的榮譽與責任，此種演變導致「工作中打瞌睡」變成一件讓人感覺尷尬，不雅，又不負責任的事。 除了處理書本以及報章雜誌呈現的議題外，我也做了田野調查，另外訪問了30個不同的受訪者。就訪談的結果，我發現不同階級的人對睡眠有不同的看法－－對於中產階級的受訪者而言，呈現一個對工作負責任、有榮譽感的自我形象相對來說顯得重要，因而中產階級的受訪者在面對「上班時是否會打瞌睡」這樣的問題，多半面露尷尬，回答也多所迴避保留。然而，這種傾向在工人階級的受訪者身上較少發現。但是對藍領階級的勞工而言，長期睡眠不足導致的慢性疲勞是一種常被人忽略的變相剝削，因為睡眠不足造成一點一滴的體力流失，這樣的損失，實則難以用金錢來衡量。 Abstract This thesis attempts to venture into a new field of cultural study on the terrain of sleep. The priority of this thesis is to investigate the changes of practice and perception of sleep in the context of modern Taiwan, and to discuss the significance of such changes. With a careful reading of historical materials, modern theories, and media representation, I argue that modern Taiwanese’s practice and perception of sleep have been made different from their ancestors in many ways. On the one hand, social division of time into the realm of work and the realm of rest puts more restrictions on individual sleep pattern than before, by wrapping all kinds of sleep non-conformities (mainly, insomnia and drowsiness) as curable symptoms that should be treated with medical and capitalistic interventions. On the other hand, conceptual evolution of politeness and work ethic, which highlight the importance of behavior propriety and extol work as an honorable duty, also help reshape the way people perceive the issue of “snoozing at work,” while endowing the contrary feelings of embarrassment and shame on the subject who violates the sleep norms. In addition to textual materials, I also did an empirical study by interviewing thirty people. From the result of empirical study, I find that the social regulating apparatuses on sleep do not have equal influence on each subject: the middle class is more concerned to present a responsible, honorable self-image as they felt more embarrassed while being asked whether they would doze off during working hours. Such a tendency was not found, however, among the blue collar workers. On the other hand, chronic fatigue as a result of sleep deprivation is an invisible form of exploitation that has been constantly neglected, since the slow encroachment on the worker’s physical strength is unable to be measured by money. |
