隱私權與基因隱私權之倫理分析:個人主義與儒家之比較

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题名:	隱私權與基因隱私權之倫理分析:個人主義與儒家之比較
作者:	郭彥伶;Yen-ling Kuo
贡献者:	哲學研究所
关键词:	家庭自律;隱私權;基因隱私權;儒家;倫理關係自律;genetic privacy;right to privacy;Confucianism;ethical relational autonomy;family autonomy
日期:	2009-06-29
上传时间:	2009-09-22 09:21:40 (UTC+8)
出版者:	國立中央大學圖書館
摘要:	現代世界日益重視個人自由與個人自律自主的生活，本文認為隱私權正是確保個人不受外界對此需求造成侵害的手段，然而近年由於生命科學與基因醫療的發展，在醫療與研究上都產生了一些新的隱私權議題。其中，基因隱私權的探討即為一個重要的部分。主因在於基因資訊所涉及的範圍不僅是個人的，也與血緣相近的親屬密切相關；其透過各種方式使用而造成的影響除了擴及家人以外，還可能流傳於後代子孫。因此，使用根源於西方個人主義思潮的隱私權考量，對於基因隱私而言勢必將遭受挑戰。華人社會不同於西方社會，受到儒家思想的影響，對隱私權的要求不全然是個人取向的，而較接近同心圓的模式，由裡而外層層相包。因此本文嘗試以儒家思想進行隱私權考量，建構不同於個人式考量的隱私權基礎，即以家庭自律或倫理關係自律為基礎之家庭隱私模式，並將之套用於基因隱私權的範疇。正由於基因使家人間帶有特殊的連結與親密性，故儒家重視家庭的精神更能夠展現其中的價值，本文結以家庭作為基因隱私權的單位，家庭成員共同承擔基因醫療或研究可能帶來的風險，比起個人式的基因隱私權更合理。 In the modern world, to lead an independent life with individual freedom and personal autonomy is forever more important. Right to privacy is what the individual could use for the protection from infringements of the third party. Recent years, as a result of the development of life science and genetic medical research, there come a number of new privacy issues. Among them, genetic privacy is one of the most important issues. The main reason is that genetic information concerns not only the individual, but also family members and ethnic groups. The employment of genetic technologies affects not only the present ones but also our future generation. Therefore, the western individualistic idea of right to privacy is bound to be challenged. Different from the west, Chinese community has been strongly affected by Confucianism, and the right to privacy is not completely individualistically oriented, but comes closer to the model of concentric circles. This thesis attempts to construct a new foundation for privacy in terms of the Confucian conception of family autonomy or ethical relational autonomy and applies it to the solution of issues of genetic privacy. It is precisely because genes bring family members into a special kind of linkage and intimacy, Confucianism regards family solidarity more aptly expresses the true value of human life. I conclude that with family as the basic unit for genetic privacy and family members sharing the responsibilities and risk of genetic medical therapy and research is more reasonable than on an individualistic conception.
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