| 摘要: | 中國大陸因具備位置地理優勢、勞動力充沛、語言相同、薪資低的優勢以及廣大內需市場而成為台灣對外投資及設廠最多之區域之一；但是大陸地區2003年以來，長江三角洲和珠江三角洲等經濟發達地區所出現的“民工短缺”問題引起了人們的極大關心。民工的大量短缺，特別是一線工人的減少正在影響著台資企業的生產經營活動。“民工短缺”的出現有著深層次的社會、經濟原因。許多台資企業抱怨，彷彿一夜之間有些民工都從沿海地區“蒸發”了，而且即使這些企業通過勞務機構到經濟落後地區招工，應徵者寥寥，其效果也不明顯。偶爾有一小批的民工南下，也立即成為各家民營企業的“捕捉對象”而被一搶而光。有些企業為了招工，不斷提高生產工人的報酬及各種福利待遇，在其招聘廣告中所列出的薪資條件是民工在以前所不敢奢望的，但即使待遇提高了，很多民營企業的勞動力需求還是無法得到滿足。到目前為止，還沒有比較好的方法及解決方案，所以值得研究及探討。 因此本論文研究以大陸地區台達電子吳江廠區之成型沖壓廠為個案研究對象，除了相關文獻的探討外，個案公司本身在人力資源方面的改善因應對策，例如:提高薪資結構、住宿環境條件、伙食改善等來吸引應聘人員外，收集2009年至2010年之間生產管理績效數據，比較個案公司導入省人化及自動化方案前後之效益，如何透過導入機械手及流水線、彈夾式模具、熱流道模具、一模四穴模具、矽鋼片一體成型模具及未來計劃導入機器人等方案來推行省人化與自動化的績效成果，如何透過這些省人化及自動化導入的方案來減少對勞動力的依賴，相對地也減少企業對薪資福利不斷提高所造成人力成本提高的衝擊，最後透過個案公司成型沖壓廠在注塑成型方面的省人化與自動化之成功經驗及實施成效，除了可以複製推廣到大陸其它廠區外，也可以針對大陸地區注塑成型產業的台資企業提供這些省人化及自動化的解決方案，促進產業技術升級，減緩缺工問題並提升其經營的競爭力。 China has become one of the major regions of overseas investment and factory establishment for Taiwan for its geographic advantage, abundant labor force, common language, low labor cost and vast domestic market within China; however, since 2003, economically developed areas in China, such as the Changjiang Triangle and the Zhujiang Triangle, have faced a “labor shortage” issue that has become a great concern of people. The massive labor shortage, particularly the reduction in the number of front line workers, is affecting the productions and operations of Taiwanese-invested enterprises. The incidence of “labor shortage” has profound social and economic reasons. Many Taiwanese-invested enterprises have complainted that some workers seem to have vaporized and disappeared overnight from the coastal regions, and even as these enterprises try to hire workers from the economically underdeveloped areas via the intermediary organizations, the results have not been as effective as anticipated, drawing scarce job applicants only. Some enterprises, in their efforts to hire workers, have continued to raise the wages of production workers and the variety of benefits, listing in their hiring advertisements wage criteria that workers would not dare to dream of in the past. However, even with the pay raises, the labor demands of many private enterprises still have not been met. Presently, there isn’t any more effective approach or solution for this issue, and therefore, it is worthy of investigation and exploration. Hence, this thesis study examined, as the subject of the case study, the molding & stamping factory of Delta Electronics, Inc’s Wujiang plants. Besides reviewing the relevant literatures, the improvement strategies, in respect to human resources, undertaken by the company studied for attracting job applicants, such as upgrading salary structure, dormitory conditions and meal quality, were investigated, the company’s performance data in production management between 2009 and 2010 were collected, and the beneficial results prior to and following the company’s introduction of manpower saving and automation plans were compared, examining how the introductions of manipulators and assembly lines, cartridge moulds, hot runner molds, four-cavity molds, silicon steel single-molding moulds and future projects such as the incorporation of robots had affected the performance results of manpower saving and automation and how these manpower saving and automation practices had reduced an enterprise’s dependency on the labor force and the impact of increased HR cost that resulted from an enterprise’s continuous enhancing of wage and benefits. Finally, through the successful experience and implementation effectiveness of the molding & stamping factory of the company studied in manpower saving and automation in the aspect of injection molding, these manpower saving and automation solutions can also be provided to the other Taiwanese-invested enterprises in the injection molding industry in China besides their expansions to the studied company’s other plants in China, promoting the industry’s technical advancements, alleviating the labor shortage problem and enhancing an enterprise’s business competitiveness. |
