| 摘要: | 隨著生活品質的提升交通安全也越來越受到重視，超速行駛一直是發生車禍的主要原因之一，因此對於駕駛者的速度管理必須要有更有效的做法。此篇文章即主要研究不同的標誌標線對於駕駛者的速度影響。受測者於交通部運輸研究所之駕駛模擬器進行實驗。 實驗一以都市巷道為環境，使駕駛者於10公尺寬的巷道中行駛，於行駛過程中所行經路口將設置5種不同的交通設施( “停”、”讓”、閃黃燈、閃紅燈和無任何設施) ，再配合不同種類的對向來車(汽車、機車)和不同方向的危險事件(左方衝出事件車、右方衝出事件車)，配合無事件發生的基底情境，一共25組實驗隨機分配於25個路口中於駕駛模擬器進行實驗。結果顯示四種交通設施都會使駕駛降低速度，降低平均速度的效果大小依序為閃紅燈號誌(降低16.02%)、”停”標誌( 13.32%)、讓( 9.82%)和閃黃燈( 8.87%)。而任何一種交通設施都不會影響駕駛者行駛的側向穩定性。於實驗後能記得過程中出現過的設施的駕駛者，相較於不記得者有較少的碰撞事件( 60.5%)，及較大的設施影響。通常駕駛者對於對向來車為機車所感到的風險低於對向來車為汽車。 實驗二以一般都市道路為環境，使駕駛者模擬駕駛於兩快車道一慢車道之都市道路中，行駛於中央車道。而於過程中設置了12種任務檢驗不同的警告標誌、減速標線、速限標誌、路口的影響，出現順序以拉丁方格排列。結果顯示減速標線能有效提醒駕駛者注意自己的速度，而當駕駛者駛近路口時會進行減速，駛近標誌時亦會因需要看清楚標誌而減速，但幅度遠小於駛近路口。越是簡單且直觀的標誌內容，駕駛者的反應越明顯。當駕駛者速度於安全速度範圍內時，對於標誌的反應較小。 當駕駛者速度超出速限越多時，對於標誌標線等設施的反應也就越大，代表這些標線標誌能有效降低超速行為的機率。而經由不同設施的不同反應，可以因地制宜的將影響較大的閃紅燈和”停”設置在高危險的巷口，將反應較為輕微的”讓”或閃黃燈設置在較不危險的巷口，將能提醒駕駛注意速度的減速標線設置在易因超速而發生車禍的路段。 關鍵字：速度管理、減速標線、標誌、號誌、駕駛模擬器 People concern more about the traffic safety as the living quality is getting better. Speeding is always a main reason of most traffic accidents. We need a more effective way to control the speed. This article will discuss mostly about how different traffic signs result in different speeds. First experiment, drivers are driving in an urban alley that is total 10 meters width. And set five different traffic signs (Stop, Make way, Yellow flash light, Red flash light and) on the intersection with different opposite vehicles(car and bikers). And the dangerous car comes from the right side or left side on the intersection. By those factors of this experiment, we get 25 missions on each intersection with random order. The result shows that all the four traffic signs could make the driver slow down their speed. Compare with any sign, the sequence of effective in those traffic signs: Red flash light (slow down 16.02%), Stop (13.32%), Make Way (9.82%) and Yellow flash light (8.87%). Any kind of traffic sign will not influence the drivers’ lateral stability. The drivers who can remember the signs they saw in the experiments will have less traffic accidents than the ones who cannot remember the signs. Often, compare with cars, scooters that come from the opposite lead to less crisis awareness to the drivers. Second experiment, drivers are driving in an urban road that is two fast lanes and one slow lane, and keep driving in the middle lane. Set 12 different traffic sign or reduce speed marking on each road section to test the effect of the driver. The result shows that the reduce speed marking could remind drivers to notice their velocity, and drivers will decrease their velocity when they are approaching intersection. When they are approaching a traffic sign, they will also decrease velocity lightly to read information. The sign that could easily be read will be more effect on drivers. And we see no significant reaction from the drivers when their velocities are under the speed limited. When drivers are faster than the limited speed, they will have bigger response to the traffic facilities. That means these facilities could reduce speeding effectively. By the different response of each facility, we can set the most effective facilities to different crisis awareness of road section or intersection. For example, set the Red Flash Light or Stop on the hyper-dangerous intersection. And set the reduce speed marking on the road section that drivers often speeding. Keyword: Speed Management, Reduce Speed Marking, Sign, Drive Simulator |
