| 摘要: | 隨著知識經濟的來臨，在技術日新月異的競爭環境中，創新與研發能力成為比傳統經濟理論中的資本與勞動更備受重視的生產要素。台灣的創新表現在國際上相當耀眼，根據美國專利資料局的統計顯示，近幾年台灣平均每人的專利數為全世界排名第一，故本文係以台灣的廠商與產業做為分析對象，試分析創新活動的三個相關議題：廠商特性與創新活動的關係、技術多樣化所扮演的角色，以及創新、市值、與資本投入三者間的因果關係。 在第二章中，我們以問卷調查的方式收集廠商資料，以補足缺乏中小企業資料的問題，從而實際探究台灣大小不同的廠商的特性它是如何對他們的創新活動有所不同。在本章中，我們針對擁有2006年專利的廠商發放問卷，調查其營業與研發情形，並輔以台灣智慧財產局專利資料庫的資料，以負二項截斷模型作分析，在實證模型中，我們以過去六年的專利總數作為累積的知識能量的代理變數。本文的實證結果顯示，累積的知識能量不論在高科技產業或是傳統產業都具有舉足輕重的角色，即使是中小企業也有相同的情形。除此之外，我們的實證結果也發現，在高科技產業中，廠商的出口以及廠商規模等因素都對創新活動有正向的顯著貢獻；相反的，上述情形對傳統產業則不明顯。此外，本研究亦證實，研發支出與廠齡則隨產業不同而異。 既然知識累積的力量如此強大，我們在第三章探討創新活動活絡的廠商，是否更有進行技術多樣化的傾向；並且探討技術多樣化對市場表現的影響。藉由分析630家台灣上市櫃電子公司於1990-2008年間追蹤資料，我們發現，廠商在面對技術競爭與產品複雜化的現今，活絡的創新活動對於技術的多樣化是有正向的顯著性；並藉由此多樣化的技術提升市場表現，不論對於股東權益或是銷售額皆有正面的顯著貢獻。 本文第四章則以台灣的四個代表性產業作為研究對象，檢驗創新、資本投資、及產值是否具有雙向因果關係。實證結果發現，在高科技的電子產業中，此三項因素的雙向因果關係甚密，資本投資、專利、與產值三者之間皆具有良好的正面循環；但在傳統產業中則不然。由上述的分析可知，研發創新行為在不同產業可能有所不同，故政府可考量針對各種產業特性制定不同的法規，也可考量採取不同的策略，從而使資本投資、專利與產值之間能形成緊密的三角關係。 Due to the arrival of knowledge economy, in this rapid change technology and the keenly competitive environment, innovation has been taken seriously beyond the traditional input factors such as capital and labor. Innovation performance of Taiwan is active and glaring in the world. According to the statistics from the U.S. Patent trademark office, Taiwan’s patent count per capita is the world number one in recent years. This dissertation adopts the data of Taiwanese industries and firms to explore the following three innovation issues, the effect of firms’ characteristics on innovation activities, the role of technological diversification in innovation and market performance, and the causal relationship between innovation, capital investment, and market value. In chapter 2, in order to collect the data of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), we survey the firms who granted at least one patent in 2006. Our purpose is to explore the impact of firm’s characteristics on its innovation activity within traditional and high-tech and within non-SMEs and SMEs firms. By adopting the zero-truncated negative binomial model, we show that the creative knowledge accumulation, proxied by the patent grants in the previous 6 years, makes a significant positive contribution to its innovation in both high-tech and traditional sectors, and both non-SMEs and SMEs firms. In addition, our empirical results revealed that the firm size and export ratio have a positive relationship with innovation in high-tech industry, but not significant in traditional industry. Furthermore, R&D expenditure and firm age have reverse effects in high-tech and traditional sectors. Since the creative knowledge accumulation plays an important role in innovation, in chapter 3, we examine whether innovation enhances the technological diversification, and analyze the role of technological diversification in market performance. By analyzing 630 Taiwanese electronic listed firms during 1990-2008, we show that the firms with active innovation tend to expand their technology scope, and the technological diversification contributes to market performance such as return on equity and sales. As the third issue in chapter 4, by using Taiwan’s annual data for the period 1988-2005, we analyze the causal relationship between technological innovation, capital investment, and market performance for four major industries with different technological levels, namely, the electronics, chemical, machinery and textile industries. We focus on whether or not innovation leads to the growth of industrial development and further investment in capital. In addition, we explicitly examine innovation stimulates the market performance of an industry by incorporating heterogeneity into these industries. Our results show that the completely bilateral causal relationship between innovation, capital investment, and production value can only be found in the high-tech electronics industry in Taiwan. Some missing linkages are still found in terms of technological innovation in the mid-tech and traditional industries. We can serve the creation of virtuous causal cycles as an important element in an integrated innovation strategy. |
