| 摘要: | 職業災害的發生不僅造成人員的傷亡與事業單位聲譽受損，其背後所隱藏的龐大開銷更是不容忽視，過去我國安全衛生往往僅止於口頭要求，未實際執行安全措施，安全流於形式，以致意外事故仍頻繁發生，近年在政府確實實施勞工安全衛生法與積極推動TOSHMS下，安全衛生已有舉足成長，然而距離完善的安全文化，仍存在相當大的差距，安全衛生絕非僅依賴政府的督導即可完成，而是需要事業單位落實安全管理，許多事業單位也體認安全絕非僅止於嚴格的規章制度或安全指標即可達成，而是需要建立主動積極的安全文化，唯有營造良好的工作環境、保障勞工安全，增進工作績效，安全文化才能有效落實。本研究經由探討安全文化相關文獻，採用安全文化成長模式為安全文化的建置基礎，歸納安全文化影響因素為管理階層的承諾、溝通、員工參與、教育訓練及學習性組織，並探討五大影響因素於安全文化成長過程所扮演的角色。而事業單位建置安全文化之前，必須評估當前的安全文化成熟度，辨識關鍵問題以擬定合適的改善計畫，因此本研究參考歐洲鐵路行業安全文化一文，整合安全文化五大影響因素與安全文化成長模式，制定適合我國事業單位評估安全文化階段的評量問卷與計分卡，並探討分處安全文化不同階段的事業單位如何由目前階段邁向下一階段，提出各階段安全文化建置方法，期盼藉由本研究所提出的建置方法，事業單位能有效建置安全文化，降低意外事故發生率，持續不斷努力以達安全卓越。To promote the systems approach toward occupational health and safety management, OHSAS 18001 was introduced to Taiwan in early 2000. The management system approach was further enhanced by the Council of Labor Affairs’ promulgation of Taiwan Occupational Safety and Health Management Systems guidelines in 2008. There are now more than 700 organizations having their OHSAS 18001 and the Taiwan Occupational Safety and Health Management System certified. However, most of the organizations implementing these management systems fail to realize the ultimate goal of nurturing a positive safety culture. To assist organizations achieving a positive safety culture, this study adopts the Safety Culture Maturity Model, SCMM, proposed by the Health and Safety Executive of UK. This is based on the rationale that most organizations with OHSAS 18001 or equivalent management systems in Taiwan, although with varying degrees of maturity of the management systems, are qualified to seriously consider relevant issues of safety culture. In addition, the stage-wise approach of SCMM, dividing the maturity levels into Emerging, Managing, Involving, Cooperating and Continually Improving, is progressive in nature and sets clear improvement goals for each level. Realizing the deficits of Taiwanese organizations’ occupational safety and health practices, the influencing factors of safety culture presented in the literature are reduced to five factors of management commitment, communication, employee participation, training and learning organization.Simple questionnaire, based on the tools used to survey and improve culture maturity level of an organization and improvements needed to reach the next level are presented in this study. For simplicity, the improvement plans consider only management commitment and employee participation. It is hoped that the implementation strategy proposed in this study will pave the way for successful development of safety culture in Taiwan. |
