| 摘要: | 智慧都市(Smart City)儼然成為現在各大先進國家區域發展的重要指標。智慧都市是以資通科技為核心，利用通訊感測技術擷取都市內各種訊息，且分析訊息和整合都市中核心系統，並串聯物與物和人與物之間的網路，傳遞都市內的各項訊息與提供服務，藉此提升生活品質、交通運輸、環境保護、公共安全及工商活動。由於都市十字路口之交通號誌有可能會損壞，且考量建置和維護成本下，導致部份路口無法安裝實體交通號誌，進而造成用路人安全之威脅、降低車輛移動性和交通壅塞。由於車載無線網路技術使車輛之間通訊和車輛與路邊基礎建設(Road Side Unit)通訊進行資料的交換。因此，本論文探討以車載無線網路技術為基礎建設虛擬交通號誌，其機制可以改善交通壅塞和降低交通號誌建置成本。目前許多虛擬交通號誌機制文獻僅局限於單一十字路環境下，然而現實環境中道路相連時，車流會互相影響，因此本論文考慮連鎖交通號誌控制將可改善用路效益，如平均車速。此外，本論探討不同車種之用路需求，並針對緊急用車給予快速通過路口。綜合上述，本論文提出調適性虛擬交通號誌（Adaptive Virtual Traffic Light），在交通流量較稀疏時，依車輛種類進行交通號誌控制，對交通流量較大之道路進行連鎖虛擬交通號誌控制，以改善交通壅塞情形。最後，實驗模擬顯示在交通流量較小時，所有車輛平均車速可提升33.1%，緊急用車平均速度可提升49.2%。在交通流量較大時，所有車輛平均車速可提升36.8%，緊急用車平均速度可提升95.7%。Smart City has become an important indicator of the regional development of major advanced countries.Smart city is provided with technology which combines the use of communication sensing technology to capture a variety of messages within the city,the analysis of the received messages and integrated city system, the serial network among things and persons ,and then the service provider to improve the quality of life, transportation, environmental protection, public safety and commercial activities.Traffic signals on the intersections may be damaged ,and the costs of their building and maintenance are considered as well. Some of the intersections can not install entity traffic signals, thereby cause a threat to the safety of road users and reduce the movement of vehicles and traffic congestion.Vehicle wireless network technology enables the communication among vehicles and Road Side Unit to exchange information. Therefore, this paper discusses the scheme of virtual traffic lights are based on vehicle wireless network technology , and its can improve traffic congestion and reduce the construction costs of traffic lights.Much virtual traffic lights scheme literature is limited to a single intersection environment. When the roads are connected to the real environment, the traffic flow will affect each other. This paper considers that the chain traffic control will improve the road users’ benefits, such as average speed.In addition, this paper explores the needs for different types of vehicles on the road and the needs to give fast passing through the intersection for emergency vehicles. To sum up, this paper proposes the Adaptive Virtual Traffic Light. When the traffic flow is light, it is according to the type of vehicles to control traffic lights. Otherwise, the virtual traffic lights control will work in chain to improve traffic congestion on heavy traffic flow.Finally, the experimental simulation shows that when the traffic flow is light, the average speed of all vehicles increases 33.1 percent, and the average speed of emergency vehicles increases 49.2%. In heavy traffic, the average speed of all vehicles Increases 36.8 percent, and the average speed of emergency vehicles increases 95.7%. |
