| 摘要: | 本計畫以果蠅為研究模式，利用數個基因定序的資料來研究東亞的生物地理親源演化關係，進而配合東南亞樣本的資料及前人發表的結果，以探討整個東亞及東南亞的生物演化歷史。由於東南亞涵蓋了極大面積的生物多樣「熱點」（hot spots），成為較多科學家的投注焦點。反觀東亞，由於大量的火山活動、複雜的地理歷史及擁有多型態的地型，造就了東亞及其群島成為一個研究自然力量(天擇)對野生生物運作的大自然實驗室。以台灣為例，其不僅擁有高密度的特有種生物多樣性，而且獨特的地理位置及複雜的生態環境相當值得國際重視。目前已有一些針對東南亞大區域範圍的研究報告發表或正在進行，但對東亞卻只有少數局部性的研究報告。本研究將以四種廣泛分佈的果蠅物種，Drosophila formosana, immigrans, melanogaster及simulans為對象，自體染色體、粒線體及Y染色體中挑選六個基因的序列資料，以族群遺傳的角度進行全面性的生物地理親源演化研究。其中兩種果蠅屬於Drosophila亞屬，另兩種屬於Sophophora亞屬，同屬的果蠅屬同一亞群，因此涵蓋了近親及遠親種間的比較，也就是在演化史上包含遠、近的時段。在所使用的多基因資料上，選擇演變快慢不同及遺傳特性互異的基因，由此可對物種族群間遷移的模式與地理事件或種化間的關係獲得更深入的探討。 ; This project attempts to use multiple gene sequence data from four species in Drosophila as a model to study the biogeography in East Asia, then use nearby southeastern Asia samples as a link to previous studies in the entire Southeast Asia to construct a great evolutionary scenario in East and Southeast Asia. Southeast Asia attracts much more scientific attention than East Asia does, as it covers a larger area of biodiversity hotspots. However, because of high geographic activities, a complex geographic history, and various types of topographies, East Asia and its archipelagos become nature laboratories to investigate how forces of nature affected wildlife. The high density of endemic species in Taiwan (Formosa), for example, is another excellent place worthy of much international attention on due to its unique geographic environment and biodiversity. There were some broad area researches in Southeast Asia, but only a few small regional studies in East Asia. This study focuses on four broad distributing species, D. formosana, immigrans, melanogaster, and simulans, and chooses six genes from autosome, mitochondria, or Y chromosome to conduct comprehensive researches approaching by population genetic. Two of these four species belong to subgenus Drosophila and the other two are subgenus Sophophora, but each pair is in the same subgroup, so they cover close and distant species. On the other hand, it covers some younger and older divergences during evolutionary history. With multiple gene data, some evolved quickly and others more slowly, also with different inherited characteristics, we can obtain deeper insights of dispersal patterns correlating to the geographic events or speciation. ; 研究期間 9708 ~ 9807 |
