| 摘要: | 一般而言，機場共用櫃檯受意外事件影響而無法按預定規劃內容營運之情形，可分為櫃檯外部擾動及內部擾動兩者。前者通常係指事件造成飛航班表重新調整，如跑道封閉、機門受天候影響而關閉等，櫃檯租用情形間接受事件影響而需重新調整之情況。後者係就機場內的服務設施發生意外事件，如櫃檯電腦當機、行李輸送帶無法運轉等，櫃檯受事件直接影響而需重新進行指派之情況。然而，無論何種事件因素，若機場營運者不當或低效率地調整櫃檯指派，則將減少營利及降低服務水準。因此，如何兼顧使用者、營運者成本，並於短時間內系統性、有效地調整共用櫃檯指派，使系統擾動狀態恢復至正常營運，實乃當前機場營運者所關切之課題。 針對機場發生意外事件相關設施之調配問題，目前國內實務界因為缺乏有效的即時指派工具，故仍以人工調整方式進行櫃檯的即時指派。此做法一旦遭遇大規模問題時，將缺乏效率且效果。本研究針對機場發生意外事件時進行共用櫃檯之指派作業，以櫃檯使用者，包括旅客、櫃檯服務人員等擾亂值最小為目標，並考量班次租用櫃檯限制、設立臨時櫃檯、延後租用櫃檯時間等因素，發展兩個整數規劃模式，規劃適宜的共用櫃檯即時指派組合。本研究以C程式語言撰寫共用櫃檯即時指派數學模式，並使用CPLEX數學規劃軟體進行求解。為測試模式的實用績效，本研究以國內一國際機場之現有櫃檯設施及營運狀況為例進行範例測試，另針對多個參數進行敏感度分析，測試效果良好。 In general, there are two categories of incidences, by airside and groundside, that affect the operations of airport common-use counters. The former directly affect flight take-offs, such as temporary closure of runways and gates due to bad climate or other incidences. The latter occur inside terminals, for example, the temporary breaking-down of check-in counters. When these incidences happen, the airport staffs usually have to reassign some departure flights to some common-use counters in real-time. When such reassignments are preformed, certain cost or decreased level of service will be imposed on passengers, airlines or airport authorities. Therefore, it is essential for airport authorities to efficiently and effectively reassigns flights to common-use counters in real-time following airport incidences to maintain the levels of service and the cost. In the past, there has none systematic analysis or research to the reassignment of flights to common-use counters following incidences in real-time. The reassignment in practice is manually performed, which is both inefficient and ineffective, especially when the problem scale is enlarged today. Hence, this research considers the objective of minimizing total inconsistency of flights to common-use counters, coupled with related operating constraints, to develop an integer programming model and solve it by using the mathematical programming solver, CPLEX. To test how well the proposed model may be applied in real world, we perform a case study concerning the operations of a major airport in Taiwan. The results show the model could be useful. |
