摘要觀朱子的思想體系中「心」是最關鍵之處，心的主要意義在於具有主宰義與知覺義，因而無論是靜是動都要以「敬」來貞定此心，以確保心時刻皆能合理的活動，因此朱子之一切成德工夫是以主敬為根本的起點工夫本文將分為二大部分進行，首先通過「敬」的背景考察讓朱子敬論思想得以有其淵源。第二部分主要以敬為核心探討朱子心性論之理論架構，以展開其主敬工夫論。在章節安排上，第一章緒論主要介紹本文研究背景與動機，研究方法與既有之研究資料整理。第二、三章是對於傳統敬論思想做一考察，分作先秦之敬論思想與宋儒之敬論思想，並以朱子文獻的探討作一承繼與發揚。第四、五章主要放在朱子心性論與主敬工夫的討論。第六章結論，本章作一回顧，希望藉著傳統敬論的傳承與朱子敬論思想作一聯繫以期擴充朱子思想體系中的道德價值。AbstractThe key point in Zhuxi’s (also known as Zhuzi) ideological system is the “xin (mind/heart)”, with its main significance lying in the sense of domination and perception, thus people shall use “jing (respect)”to subdue our minds both in meditation or action, to ensure our heart can act reasonably all the time. Consequently, all achievements of Zhuxi originated from the root of respect.This paper falls into two parts: the first inspects the origins of Zhuxi’s Theory of Respect from the perspective of the backgrounds of respect；The second explores the theory structures of Zhuxi’s Theory of Mind with respect as the core, so as to discuss his Theory of Respect.In terms of the chapter arrangements, Chapter 1 introduces the backgrounds, motives, research methods and processing of existing documents.Chapter 2 and 3 review the traditional thoughts of respect, dividing into the thoughts of respect in Pre-Qin days (before 221 BC) and that of Confucianism in Song Dynasty (960 BC-1297BC). The literatures on Zhuxi are also studied for inheritance and promotion.Chapter 4 and 5 mainly focus on Zhuxi’s Theory of Mind and the discussion of respect.Chapter 6 draws the conclusion which reviews the whole paper, hoping to fulfill the moral value of Zhuxi’s ideological systems by connecting the traditional thoughts of respect with Zhuxi’s theory of respect.
