頻譜資源之重要性向來無可否認，尤其在仰賴通訊傳播產業服務的今日，享有以利用頻譜提供的服務內容，幾乎成了現代公民之「基本權」。長久以來，頻譜資源的利用效率與技術發展，一直是經濟學家、法律學者與通訊科技專家的焦點所在，因而產生許多關於頻譜分配政策議題之論戰，在透過實務操作下，可將各方論點分為三類，即以授權釋出頻譜之命令與控制模式、建立頻譜財產權之拍賣模式，與強調頻譜資源的共享及共用之開放模式。縱然各家學說看似百花齊放，政府也試圖找尋更好的頻譜分配方針，但至今頻譜資源仍然受到不適當的政策禁錮，而無法達成社會福利最大化。過去學界對頻譜資源分配之探討，多以頻譜拍賣制為主軸發展其主張，為反應近來科技之演進與市場條件的變動，本文將以開放模式為目標，試圖建立起拍賣模式與開放模式之間的橋樑。除了參考英美兩國之政策與未來趨勢，也自不同角度探討，實施頻譜拍賣制的疑義；並認為應在時空條件許可下，積極地實現「頻譜近用權」，以保障人民之言論自由；尤其，開放模式的實施，不僅有機會自結構上動搖媒體所有權集中之程度，亦能預防無線網路重蹈有線網路最後一哩問題之覆轍；最後，更提出頻譜政策應納入著作權法中「合理使用」和「公共領域」的概念，作為平衡私人利益與公共利益之手段。 The utilization of spectrum is always a big issue for us. Most people rely on the services supplied from spectrum today. The economists, legal scholars and technical experts have focused on how to use spectrum well and efficiency for a long time and resulting in many controversies over the allocation and assignment of spectrum. The different arguments could be divided into three models: The Command and Control Model, The Spectrum Auction Model and The Spectrum Commons Model. There has been an enormous amount of literature on spectrum allocation analysis and the government is also trying to make a better policy of spectrum. However, the spectrum resource hasn’t been managed well due to some inappropriate policies. With regard to spectrum allocation, previous studies are focused on spectrum auctions. The main aim of this research is to “spectrum commons” as the target, and builds the connection between the spectrum auction model and the spectrum commons model. Referring to the policies and trends in USA and UK, this thesis will also investigate the issues of performing spectrum auctions. Particularly, the commons model can not only protect the freedom of speech, but also reduce the concentration of media ownership. Besides, it would limit the ability of any telecommunication company from establishing bottleneck control over the last mile wireless access infrastructure. With a better use of spectrum, we should take the concept of “fair use” and “public domain” in copyright field into consideration because it can balance the private interest and public interest of spectrum allocation.
